PSIO 305 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
(Latest Update 2024-2025)
Which of the following statement is true?
-PTSD is entirely genetically determined
-Monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins have the same
concordance for PTSD
-People with pre-existing hypocortisolism is more likely to
develop PTSD
-Early childhood experience does not confer PTSD
susceptability
-None of above is true - Correct Answer ✅People with pre-
existing hypocortisolism is more likely to develop PTSD
* In PTSD, E/NE and CRH levels are elevated, but cortisol level
is reduced, Low cortisol level before or shortly after the
traumatic event is predictive of
subsequent PTSD.
-Monozygotic twins to have significantly higher concordance
for PTSD than dizygotic twins—>estimated 30% heritability.
The ultimate goal of physiological stress response is to
-Remember the stressful event
-Run away from the stressor
,PSIO 305 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
(Latest Update 2024-2025)
-Fight with the stressor
-Remain alert for threat
-Maintain or re-gain homeostasis - Correct Answer ✅-
Maintain or re-gain homeostasis
*Allostasis is the process by which the body responds to
stressors in order to maintain or regain homeostasis.
During early phases of acute stress, activity increases in the
following systems except
-HPA axis
-Parasympathetic
-Sympathetic
-Cadiovascular
-Respiratory - Correct Answer ✅-Parasympathetic
Which of the following statement is true about Sympathetic
Nervous System (SNS)?
a. SNS does not affect skeleton muscle function
b. SNS causes vasoconstriction to blood vessels in skeleton
muscle
,PSIO 305 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
(Latest Update 2024-2025)
c. SNS causes vasodilation to blood vessels in skeleton
muscle
d. SNS influence skeleton muscle function by stimulating
glycogenolysis
e. c and d - Correct Answer ✅e. c and d
*SNS causes
-Heart rate increase, vasoconstriction and sodium/water
retention lead to higher blood
pressure and better blood circulation.
- Glycogenolysis, neoglucogenesis and lipolysis make more
nutrients available.
- Bronchial dilation results in more oxygen intake.
- Pupil dilation allows more sensory information to be sent to
the brain.
- Reduced digestion and bladder relaxation direct resources
and attention to the stressor.
- Increased blood flow to skeleton muscle
Which of the following types of cells can perform
phagocytosis?
, PSIO 305 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
(Latest Update 2024-2025)
-Microglia
-Ependymal cells
-Schwann cells
-Astrocytes
-Motor neurons - Correct Answer ✅-Microglia
*Function with astrocytes to protect neurons from toxic
substances.
• Protect the CNS from foreign matter through
phagocytosis, clearing out bacteria or dead/ injured cells.
• Secrete cytokines to modulate brain functions.
• Protect the CNS from oxidative stress.
Which of the following is a mixed (i.e., sensory and motor)
cranial nerve?
-Vestibulocochlear
-Optic
-Vagus
-Olfactory
-Accessory - Correct Answer ✅-Vagus
(Latest Update 2024-2025)
Which of the following statement is true?
-PTSD is entirely genetically determined
-Monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins have the same
concordance for PTSD
-People with pre-existing hypocortisolism is more likely to
develop PTSD
-Early childhood experience does not confer PTSD
susceptability
-None of above is true - Correct Answer ✅People with pre-
existing hypocortisolism is more likely to develop PTSD
* In PTSD, E/NE and CRH levels are elevated, but cortisol level
is reduced, Low cortisol level before or shortly after the
traumatic event is predictive of
subsequent PTSD.
-Monozygotic twins to have significantly higher concordance
for PTSD than dizygotic twins—>estimated 30% heritability.
The ultimate goal of physiological stress response is to
-Remember the stressful event
-Run away from the stressor
,PSIO 305 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
(Latest Update 2024-2025)
-Fight with the stressor
-Remain alert for threat
-Maintain or re-gain homeostasis - Correct Answer ✅-
Maintain or re-gain homeostasis
*Allostasis is the process by which the body responds to
stressors in order to maintain or regain homeostasis.
During early phases of acute stress, activity increases in the
following systems except
-HPA axis
-Parasympathetic
-Sympathetic
-Cadiovascular
-Respiratory - Correct Answer ✅-Parasympathetic
Which of the following statement is true about Sympathetic
Nervous System (SNS)?
a. SNS does not affect skeleton muscle function
b. SNS causes vasoconstriction to blood vessels in skeleton
muscle
,PSIO 305 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
(Latest Update 2024-2025)
c. SNS causes vasodilation to blood vessels in skeleton
muscle
d. SNS influence skeleton muscle function by stimulating
glycogenolysis
e. c and d - Correct Answer ✅e. c and d
*SNS causes
-Heart rate increase, vasoconstriction and sodium/water
retention lead to higher blood
pressure and better blood circulation.
- Glycogenolysis, neoglucogenesis and lipolysis make more
nutrients available.
- Bronchial dilation results in more oxygen intake.
- Pupil dilation allows more sensory information to be sent to
the brain.
- Reduced digestion and bladder relaxation direct resources
and attention to the stressor.
- Increased blood flow to skeleton muscle
Which of the following types of cells can perform
phagocytosis?
, PSIO 305 Exam 3 Questions and Answers
(Latest Update 2024-2025)
-Microglia
-Ependymal cells
-Schwann cells
-Astrocytes
-Motor neurons - Correct Answer ✅-Microglia
*Function with astrocytes to protect neurons from toxic
substances.
• Protect the CNS from foreign matter through
phagocytosis, clearing out bacteria or dead/ injured cells.
• Secrete cytokines to modulate brain functions.
• Protect the CNS from oxidative stress.
Which of the following is a mixed (i.e., sensory and motor)
cranial nerve?
-Vestibulocochlear
-Optic
-Vagus
-Olfactory
-Accessory - Correct Answer ✅-Vagus
