SAUNDERS DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES (PEDIATRICS)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ELABORATIONS!!
A client has died, and the nurse asks a family member about the funeral
arrangements. The family member refuses to discuss the issue. Which is the
appropriate nursing action?
Answers :Remain with the family member without discussing funeral
arrangements.
Rationale:
The family member is exhibiting the first stage of grief (denial), and the nurse
should remain with the family member. Option 1 is an appropriate intervention for
the acceptance or reorganization and restitution stage. Option 2 may be an
appropriate intervention for the bargaining stage. Option 3 may be an appropriate
intervention for depression.
Which statement by a nursing student about Kohlberg's theory of moral
development indicates the need for further teaching about the theory?
Answers :"Individuals move through all six stages in a sequential fashion."
Rationale:
Kohlberg's theory states that individuals move through the six stages of
development in a sequential fashion but that not everyone reaches stages 5 or 6 as
part of their development of personal morality. Options 2, 3, and 4 are correct
statements regarding Kohlberg's theory.
The parents of an 8-year-old child tell the nurse that they are concerned about the
child because the child seems to be more attentive to friends than anyone else.
Which is the appropriate nursing response?
Answers :"At this age, the child is developing his or her own personality."
,Rationale:
According to Erikson, at ages 7 to 12 years, the child begins to move toward
receiving support from peers and friends and away from that of parents. The child
also begins to develop special interests that reflect his or her own developing
personality instead of those of the parents. Therefore, the other options identify
incorrect responses.
The parents of a 4-year-old child tell the nurse that they are concerned because the
child has been masturbating. Which is the appropriate response by the nurse?
Answers :"This is a normal behavior at this age."
Rationale:
According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, the child is in the
phallic stage between the ages of 3 and 6 years. At this time, the child devotes
much energy to examining his or her genitalia, masturbating, and expressing
interest in sexual concerns.
The nurse is providing instructions to a new parent regarding the psychosocial
development of the infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory,
which instruction should the nurse reinforce to the parents?
Answers :Allow the infant to signal a need.
Rationale:
According to Erikson, the caregiver should not try to anticipate the infant's needs at
all times but rather allow the infant to signal his or her needs. If an infant is not
allowed to signal a need, he or she will not learn how to control the environment.
Erikson believed that a delayed or prolonged response to an infant's signal would
inhibit the development of trust and lead to the mistrust of others.
, The parent of a 3-year-old tells the nurse that the child is constantly rebelling and
having temper tantrums. Which instruction should the nurse reinforce to the
parent?
Answers :Set limits on the child's behavior.
Rationale:
According to Erikson, the child focuses on independence between the ages of 1
and 3 years. Gaining independence often means that the child has to rebel against
the parents' wishes. Saying things like "no" and "mine" and having temper
tantrums are common during this period of development. Being consistent and
setting limits on the child's behavior are necessary elements. Punishing the child
every time the child says "no" is likely to produce a negative response.
The nurse is caring for an older client who is reminiscing about past life
experiences in a positive manner. The nurse plans care with the understanding that
this behavior indicates which?
Answers :A normal psychosocial response
According to Erikson, the later years of life are from 65 years of age until death.
The adult reminisces about past life experiences, often viewing them in a positive
way. The adult needs to feel good about his or her accomplishments, see successes
in his or her life, and feel that he or she has made a contribution to society.
Which are components of Kohlberg's theory of moral development? Select all that
apply.
Answers :Moral development progresses in relation to cognitive development.
A person's ability to make moral judgments develops over a period of time.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ELABORATIONS!!
A client has died, and the nurse asks a family member about the funeral
arrangements. The family member refuses to discuss the issue. Which is the
appropriate nursing action?
Answers :Remain with the family member without discussing funeral
arrangements.
Rationale:
The family member is exhibiting the first stage of grief (denial), and the nurse
should remain with the family member. Option 1 is an appropriate intervention for
the acceptance or reorganization and restitution stage. Option 2 may be an
appropriate intervention for the bargaining stage. Option 3 may be an appropriate
intervention for depression.
Which statement by a nursing student about Kohlberg's theory of moral
development indicates the need for further teaching about the theory?
Answers :"Individuals move through all six stages in a sequential fashion."
Rationale:
Kohlberg's theory states that individuals move through the six stages of
development in a sequential fashion but that not everyone reaches stages 5 or 6 as
part of their development of personal morality. Options 2, 3, and 4 are correct
statements regarding Kohlberg's theory.
The parents of an 8-year-old child tell the nurse that they are concerned about the
child because the child seems to be more attentive to friends than anyone else.
Which is the appropriate nursing response?
Answers :"At this age, the child is developing his or her own personality."
,Rationale:
According to Erikson, at ages 7 to 12 years, the child begins to move toward
receiving support from peers and friends and away from that of parents. The child
also begins to develop special interests that reflect his or her own developing
personality instead of those of the parents. Therefore, the other options identify
incorrect responses.
The parents of a 4-year-old child tell the nurse that they are concerned because the
child has been masturbating. Which is the appropriate response by the nurse?
Answers :"This is a normal behavior at this age."
Rationale:
According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, the child is in the
phallic stage between the ages of 3 and 6 years. At this time, the child devotes
much energy to examining his or her genitalia, masturbating, and expressing
interest in sexual concerns.
The nurse is providing instructions to a new parent regarding the psychosocial
development of the infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory,
which instruction should the nurse reinforce to the parents?
Answers :Allow the infant to signal a need.
Rationale:
According to Erikson, the caregiver should not try to anticipate the infant's needs at
all times but rather allow the infant to signal his or her needs. If an infant is not
allowed to signal a need, he or she will not learn how to control the environment.
Erikson believed that a delayed or prolonged response to an infant's signal would
inhibit the development of trust and lead to the mistrust of others.
, The parent of a 3-year-old tells the nurse that the child is constantly rebelling and
having temper tantrums. Which instruction should the nurse reinforce to the
parent?
Answers :Set limits on the child's behavior.
Rationale:
According to Erikson, the child focuses on independence between the ages of 1
and 3 years. Gaining independence often means that the child has to rebel against
the parents' wishes. Saying things like "no" and "mine" and having temper
tantrums are common during this period of development. Being consistent and
setting limits on the child's behavior are necessary elements. Punishing the child
every time the child says "no" is likely to produce a negative response.
The nurse is caring for an older client who is reminiscing about past life
experiences in a positive manner. The nurse plans care with the understanding that
this behavior indicates which?
Answers :A normal psychosocial response
According to Erikson, the later years of life are from 65 years of age until death.
The adult reminisces about past life experiences, often viewing them in a positive
way. The adult needs to feel good about his or her accomplishments, see successes
in his or her life, and feel that he or she has made a contribution to society.
Which are components of Kohlberg's theory of moral development? Select all that
apply.
Answers :Moral development progresses in relation to cognitive development.
A person's ability to make moral judgments develops over a period of time.
