Foundations Midterm Jersey College
developmental theory - process of growth and development of humans as orderly and
predictable, beginning with conception and ending with death
nursing theory - differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities by serving the
purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices
caregiver - The provision of care to patients that combines both the art and the science of nursing
in meeting physical, emotional, intellectual, sociocultural, and spiritual needs. As a caregiver, the nurse
integrates the roles of communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, and collaborator
to promote wellness through activities that prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping with
disability or death. The role of caregiver is the primary role of the nurse.
4 Nursing Aims - 1. promotes health
2. prevent illness/disease
3. restore health
4. facilitate coping with disability or death(die with dignity)
Florence Nightingale - Established sanitary nursing care units. Founder of modern nursing. began
professional education of nursing.
nursing profession criteria - well defined body of specific and unique knowledge
strong service oriented
recognized authority by a professional group
Code of Ethics
Professional organization that sets standards
Ongoing research
Autonomy and self-regulation
,Standards of Nursing Practice - allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection
for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is provided
Nurse Practice Act - laws established in each state in the US to regulate the practice of nursing
Nursing Process - Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Used by the nurse to identify the patients health care needs and strengths, to establish and carry out a
care plan to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan
Sources of Knowledge - Traditional-passed down from generation to generation
Authoritative-comes from an expert
Scientific-implying through research (scientific method)
General Systems Theory - how to break whole things into parts and then to learn how the parts
work together in systems
Adaptation Theory - defines adaptation as the adjustment of living matter to other living things
and to environmental conditions
deductive reasoning - general to specific
advocate - the protection of human or legal rights and the securing of care for all patients based
on the belief that patients have the right to make informed decisions about their health and lives
inductive reasoning - specific to general
Common Concepts in Nursing Theories - Person (patient)
Environment
, Health
Nursing
Sister Callista Roy - Nursing interventions are needed when individuals demonstrate ineffective
adaptive responses; adaptive modes. adaptation model, relationships between persons, universe, god,
Adaptation model: assistance with the adaptation to stressors to facilitate the integration process of the
client. Theory helps the "biospsychosocial" client modify external stimuli, adaptation will occur
evidence-based practice - in nursing is a problem solving approach to making clinical decisions
using the best evidence available
PICOT format - Patient population
Intervention or issue of interest
Comparison intervention
Outcome
Time frame
holistic health care - care that addresses the many dimensions that comprise the whole person-
the nurse must understand and respect each persons own definition of health and responses to illness
acute illness - has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time
chronic illness - irreversible illness that causes permanent physical impairment and requires long-
term health care
chronic disease - heart disease, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, arthritis
Illness Behaviors - actions taken by a person who feels sick and indulges in the behavior for the
purpose of defining the state of his or her health and for discovering suitable remedies
Illness behaviors - Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms
developmental theory - process of growth and development of humans as orderly and
predictable, beginning with conception and ending with death
nursing theory - differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities by serving the
purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices
caregiver - The provision of care to patients that combines both the art and the science of nursing
in meeting physical, emotional, intellectual, sociocultural, and spiritual needs. As a caregiver, the nurse
integrates the roles of communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, and collaborator
to promote wellness through activities that prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping with
disability or death. The role of caregiver is the primary role of the nurse.
4 Nursing Aims - 1. promotes health
2. prevent illness/disease
3. restore health
4. facilitate coping with disability or death(die with dignity)
Florence Nightingale - Established sanitary nursing care units. Founder of modern nursing. began
professional education of nursing.
nursing profession criteria - well defined body of specific and unique knowledge
strong service oriented
recognized authority by a professional group
Code of Ethics
Professional organization that sets standards
Ongoing research
Autonomy and self-regulation
,Standards of Nursing Practice - allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection
for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is provided
Nurse Practice Act - laws established in each state in the US to regulate the practice of nursing
Nursing Process - Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Used by the nurse to identify the patients health care needs and strengths, to establish and carry out a
care plan to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan
Sources of Knowledge - Traditional-passed down from generation to generation
Authoritative-comes from an expert
Scientific-implying through research (scientific method)
General Systems Theory - how to break whole things into parts and then to learn how the parts
work together in systems
Adaptation Theory - defines adaptation as the adjustment of living matter to other living things
and to environmental conditions
deductive reasoning - general to specific
advocate - the protection of human or legal rights and the securing of care for all patients based
on the belief that patients have the right to make informed decisions about their health and lives
inductive reasoning - specific to general
Common Concepts in Nursing Theories - Person (patient)
Environment
, Health
Nursing
Sister Callista Roy - Nursing interventions are needed when individuals demonstrate ineffective
adaptive responses; adaptive modes. adaptation model, relationships between persons, universe, god,
Adaptation model: assistance with the adaptation to stressors to facilitate the integration process of the
client. Theory helps the "biospsychosocial" client modify external stimuli, adaptation will occur
evidence-based practice - in nursing is a problem solving approach to making clinical decisions
using the best evidence available
PICOT format - Patient population
Intervention or issue of interest
Comparison intervention
Outcome
Time frame
holistic health care - care that addresses the many dimensions that comprise the whole person-
the nurse must understand and respect each persons own definition of health and responses to illness
acute illness - has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time
chronic illness - irreversible illness that causes permanent physical impairment and requires long-
term health care
chronic disease - heart disease, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, arthritis
Illness Behaviors - actions taken by a person who feels sick and indulges in the behavior for the
purpose of defining the state of his or her health and for discovering suitable remedies
Illness behaviors - Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms
