Jersey College - Geriatrics Questions and Answers Latest Update Fully Solved 100%

Stage 2 (Non-REM sleep cycle) - Medium deep sleep Slow eye movements Fragmentary dreams Easily awakened Reasons for an increase in elderly population. - Falling fertility rates, reduced infant and child mortality, improved sanitation, vaccinations, increasing survival at older ages. Income, mobility, housing, intimacy and social interaction. - Why is marital status an important determinant of health and well being? Functional independence with consideration for safety and social interaction. - Housing should promote.. Gerontologic Clinical Nurse Specialist - Master's prepared RN who functions as clinician, educator, consultant, administrator, or researcher. Adult Gerontologic Acute Care Nurse Practitioner - Practice in various settings and function as a provider of primary care and a case manager. Gerontologic Nursing - nursing specialty concerned with the care of the older adult Gerontic Nursing - emphasizes nurturing, caring, and comforting more than treatment of disease. Low level of education Impairments - This can impair... A healthy lifestyleAccess to benefit programs Recognizing health problems and seeking care Following recommendations for care Social Security - The major income source for older individuals and couples in 2014. 75% - What percentage of all deaths are caused by: heart disease, lung cancer, COPD, accidents, strokes, alzheimers, diabetes, kidney disease, flu/pneu, and suicide. Functional Ability - The capacity to carry out the basic self-care activities that ensure overall health and well-being. Medicare Part A - The part of the Medicare program that pays for hospitalization, care in a skilled nursing facility, home health care, and hospice care. Medicare Part B - The part of the Medicare program that pays for physician services, outpatient hospital services, durable medical equipment, and other services and supplies. Medicare Part C - Managed care health plans offered to medicare beneficiaries under the medicare advantage program. Acute Care Setting - Used for acute conditions and do not do well in preventing functional decline or prompting independence. Subacute Care Units - Aimed at high-risk, hospitalized older adults, bridge between hospital and home. Theories - Purpose of __________ Helps make sense of a particular phenomenon Provides a sense of orderGives a perspective from which to view the facts Provides a spring board for discussion and research Human Aging - This is influenced by a composite of biologic, psychologic, social, functional and spiritual factors. Process that begins at conception. Biologic Theories of Aging - Concerned with answering basic questions regarding physiologic processes that occur in all living organisms over time. Deleterious effects leading to decreasing function of the organism, gradually occurring age related changes that progress over time, intrinsic changes that may affect all members of a species of chronologic age. Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory - Free radicals are byproducts of fundamental metabolic activities within the body. Increased by pollutants (ozone and pesticides.) Neutralized by enzymatic activity or natural antioxidants, but if they are not neutralized, they may cause cell damage. Administration of antioxidants postpones the appearance of diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer and can influence the decline of the immune system and on degenerative neurologic diseases. Vitamin E/C can inhibits functions of free radicals. Cross-Linkage Theory - With age, some proteins become increasingly cross-linked or enmeshed and may impede metabolic processes by obstructing the passage of nutrients and wastes between the IC and EC compartments. As a person ages and the immune system becomes less efficient, the body's defense mech cannot remove the cross linking agent before it becomes securely established.Cross linkage has been proposed as a primary cause of arteriosclerosis, decrease in the efficiency of the immune system and the loss of elasticity often seen in older adult skin. Hayflick Limit Theory - A cumulative effect of improper functioning of cells and eventual loss of cells in organs and tissues are therefore responsible for the aging phenomenon. Life expectancy is a preprogrammed with a species-specific range. Also known as the biological clock is estimated at 110-120 years when tissues and organ start breaking down. AKA as biologic clock theory, cellular aging theory, genetic theory. Immunological Theory - As a person ages, the immune system functions less effectively immunosenescence. Changes include a decrease in humoral immune response: Decreased resistance to a tumor cell challenge and the development of cancer, decreased ability to initiate the immune process and mobilize the body's defenses against aggressively attacking pathogens, and heightened production of autoantigens, leading to an increase in autoimmune-related diseases. Sociologic Theories of Aging - Focus on changing roles and relationships. Early research was carried out largely on institutionalized and ill older persons, which skewed the information collected. Contemporary research is being conducted in a variety of more naturalistic environments, reflecting more accurately the diversity of the aging population. Activity Theory - Theory sees activity as necessary to maintain a person's life satisfaction and positive self concept.Even with illness or advancing age, the older person can remain "active" and achieve a sense of life satisfaction. Continuity Theory - The theory proposes that as people age they try to maintain or continue previous habits, preferences, commitments, values, beliefs and the factors that have contributed to their personalities. Age Stratification Theory - Theory views the aging as an individual element of society an also as a member with peers interacting in a social process. Attempts to explain the interdependence between older adults and society and how they constantly influence each other in a variety of ways. Person-Environment Fit Theory - Each individual has personal competencies (ego strength, motor skills, individual biologic health, and cognitive and sensory-perceptual capacities) that assist the person in dealing with the environment. Competencies may change with aging, thus affecting the older persons ability to interrelate with the environment. Psychologic Theories of Aging - The basic assumption of the psychologic theories of aging is that development does not end when a person reaches adulthood but remains a dynamic process throughout the life span. As people age, various adaptive changes help them cope with or accept some of the biologic changes. The adaptive mechanisms include memory, learning capacity, feelings, intellectual functioning, and motivations to perform or not perform activities. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Human motivation is viewed as a hierarchy of needs that are critical to the growth and development of all people.When people achieve fulfillment to their elemental needs they strive to meet the needs on the next level continuing until the highest order of needs is reached. Erikson's Eight Stages of Life - 1. Infancy (0-1) - Trust 2. Toddler (1-2) - Independence 3. Preschool (3-5) - Initiative 4. School Age (6-12) - Industry 5. Adolescence (13-20) - Identity 6. Young Adulthood (21-40) - Intimacy 7. Adulthood (41-60) - Generativity 8. Older Adulthood (61-older) - Ego Integrity