Jersey College Nutrition Midterm Review
Peristalsis - waves of squeezing and pushing contractions that move food in one direction through
the length of the GI tract
Chyme - a semifluid mass consisting of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices.
Appetite - a psychological desire to consume specific foods
Macronutrients - nutrients that our body needs in relatively large amounts to support normal
function and health. Carbs, fats, and proteins.
Micronutrients - nutrients needed in relatively small amounts to support normal health and body
functions. Vitamins and minerals such as vitamin B&C.
Vitamins ADKE - organic compounds that assist us in regulating our body's processes.
Minerals B&C - inorganic substances that are not broken down during digestion and absorption
and are not destroyed by heat or light.
EAR The Estimated Average Requirment - the average daily intake level estimated to meet the
needs of half the people in a certain group. Scientist use it to calculate the RDA
RDA The Recommended Dietary Allowance - the average daily intake level estimated to meet the
needs of nearly all people in a certain group. Aim for this amount!
AI The Adequate Intake - average daily intake level assumed to be adequate. It is used when an
EAR can not be determined. Aim for this amount if there is no RDA!
UL The Tolerable Upper Intake Level - the highest average daily intake level likely to pose no
health risks. Do not exceed this amount on a daily basis.
, AMDR The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range - the recommend range of carbohydrate,
fat, and protein intake expressed as a percentage of total energy.
healthful diet - a diet that provides the proper combination of energy and nutrients and is
adequate, moderate, balanced, and varied
nutrient dense foods - foods that provide the most nutrients for the least amount of energy.
nutrient density - the relative amount of nutrients per amount of energy or number of Calories.
Exchange system - a diet planning tool in which exchanges, or portions, are organized according to
the amount of carbs, protein, fat, and calories in each food.
Nutrition - the science that studies food and how food nourishes our body and influences our
health influences
Nutrients - chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function.
Six groups of nutrients - carbohydrates; fats and oils; proteins; vitamins; minerals; water
Dietary Guidelines for Americans - a set of principles developed by the US Department of
Agriculture and the US Department of Health and Human Services to assist Americans in designing a
healthful diet and lifestyle. Updated approximately every 5 years.
Healthy People 2020 - Is a health promotion and disease prevention plan for the United States.
Updated every 10 years.
Digestion - the process by which foods are broken down into their component molecules, either
mechanically or chemically
Peristalsis - waves of squeezing and pushing contractions that move food in one direction through
the length of the GI tract
Chyme - a semifluid mass consisting of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices.
Appetite - a psychological desire to consume specific foods
Macronutrients - nutrients that our body needs in relatively large amounts to support normal
function and health. Carbs, fats, and proteins.
Micronutrients - nutrients needed in relatively small amounts to support normal health and body
functions. Vitamins and minerals such as vitamin B&C.
Vitamins ADKE - organic compounds that assist us in regulating our body's processes.
Minerals B&C - inorganic substances that are not broken down during digestion and absorption
and are not destroyed by heat or light.
EAR The Estimated Average Requirment - the average daily intake level estimated to meet the
needs of half the people in a certain group. Scientist use it to calculate the RDA
RDA The Recommended Dietary Allowance - the average daily intake level estimated to meet the
needs of nearly all people in a certain group. Aim for this amount!
AI The Adequate Intake - average daily intake level assumed to be adequate. It is used when an
EAR can not be determined. Aim for this amount if there is no RDA!
UL The Tolerable Upper Intake Level - the highest average daily intake level likely to pose no
health risks. Do not exceed this amount on a daily basis.
, AMDR The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range - the recommend range of carbohydrate,
fat, and protein intake expressed as a percentage of total energy.
healthful diet - a diet that provides the proper combination of energy and nutrients and is
adequate, moderate, balanced, and varied
nutrient dense foods - foods that provide the most nutrients for the least amount of energy.
nutrient density - the relative amount of nutrients per amount of energy or number of Calories.
Exchange system - a diet planning tool in which exchanges, or portions, are organized according to
the amount of carbs, protein, fat, and calories in each food.
Nutrition - the science that studies food and how food nourishes our body and influences our
health influences
Nutrients - chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function.
Six groups of nutrients - carbohydrates; fats and oils; proteins; vitamins; minerals; water
Dietary Guidelines for Americans - a set of principles developed by the US Department of
Agriculture and the US Department of Health and Human Services to assist Americans in designing a
healthful diet and lifestyle. Updated approximately every 5 years.
Healthy People 2020 - Is a health promotion and disease prevention plan for the United States.
Updated every 10 years.
Digestion - the process by which foods are broken down into their component molecules, either
mechanically or chemically
