Microbiology Final Jersey College Questions With Answers Graded A+ Assured Success

(10) Schedule 1 narcotics - opoids, heroin, LSD, marijuana, mescaline, peyote: No therapeutic effecs, high probability for abuse (10) Schedule 2 narcotics - high probability for abuse, but has therapeutic effects: raw opium, morphine, methadone, amphetimines, and barbituates (10) Schedule 3 narcotics - Therapeutic drugs accepted for treatment in the United States; combinations of barbituate, and therapeutic agents with reduced concentrations of morphine, codeine, or opium. (10) - (11) what are some general metabolic or structural targets for antimicrobial drugs? - Protein synthesis inhibition, interference with nucleic acid synthesis, interference with cell wall synthesis (11) what are some common characteristics used in the selection of an antimicrobial drug? - selective toxicity, ease of delivery to the site of infection, and not causing an allergic reaction. (11) what does bacteriostatic mean? - That bacteria can no longer multiply (11) what is synergism? - A phenomenon when two antibiotics are given together to increase the therapeutic effect. (11) what are some mechanisms of resistance used by microbes? - Development of defensive enzymes, increase drug elimination, or change in membrane permeability. (11) what is an example of a synthetic antimicrobial drug? - Quinolone(11) how many generations of developed agents do cephalosporins have? - 5 (11) what antimicrobial is effective against mycobacteria? - Rifampin (11) what is an example of an antiviral agent? - Amantadine (11) which drug is effective against Candida albicans? - Echinocandins (11) what are microbicidals? - drugs that kills pathogenic bacteria (11) what is cross resistance? - Resistance to only one type of drug that allows resistance to a similar drug (11) what is the range of pathogen type against which a given drug is effective? - Spectrum of activity (11) what is the effectiveness of a drug against a microbe? - The efficacy of a drug (11) what do you get as the result of the disk diffusion test or kirby-bauer method? - The zone of inhibition (13) What causes cell-mediated immune reactions? - Delayed hypersensitivity (13)What cells are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity? - B cells (13) What are substances that stimulate the production of antibodies? - immunogens (13) What is the body's decreased ability to fight infections? - immunosuppression(13) The antibody found in secretions (like breast milk) is? - IgA (13) What is an Antibody? - Protein produced by plasma cells (13) The antibody that crosses the placenta and provides passive immunity? - IgG (13) What is the function of an interferon? - Provides defense against viral infections; interferes with the replication of a virus and impede the spread of the pathogen (13) What are the granulocytes? - BEN (Basophils, esinophils, neutrophils) (13) What is immunity that is a result of an actual infection? - Naturally acquired active immunity (13) What is a substance that raises the body temperature? - Pyrogen (13) What is an allograft? - when an organ or tissue is transplanted between genetically different individuals from the same species. (13) What is an example of a systemic autoimmune disease and third stage of lyme disease? - Rheumatoid arthritis (13) What are the first line of defense? - pH of skin, mucous membranes, tears, saliva (13) What are the second line of defense? - inflammation response, phagocytosis, fever, interferons, complement system, chemocytosis, and cytokines (13) What are the third line of defense? - cell mediated immunity (13) What enzymes attack the peptidoglycan layer of bacteria and are present in perspiration, nasal secretion, saliva, and tears? - Lysosomes(swelling), Dolor (pain) (13) What are examples of hypersensitivity type 1 alleregic reactions? - Eczema (dermatitis), rhinitis (hay fever), asthma, hives, fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, conjuctivitis (13) What are the steps of inflammation? - release of bradykinin, pain, histamine, capillary dilation, increased blood flow, release of neutrophils and monocytes to phagocytize bacteria. (13) What are the signs of inflammation? - Calor (increased temperature), Rubor (redness), Tumor (16) Who first observed microbes on the teeth? - Van Leeuwenhoek (16) What causes peptic ulcers? - Helicobacter pylori (16) What is another word for Bacillary dysentery? - Shingellosis, transmitted by fecal-oral route (16) How many known forms of gastroenteritis is caused by E.Coli? - Five (16) What causes Bacillus intoxication ? - Bacillus cereus (food poisoning ) caused by prepared foods held without adequate refrigeration for several hours before serving. (16) What is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in infants and children? - Rotavirus (16) Calciviruses - A group of (+)ssRNA viruses that have been isolated from birds, cats, dogs, sheep, cows, humans, and are a major cause of grastroenteritis