ES2050 LAB FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ELABORATIONS!!
Define homeostasis
Answers :The maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the body's internal
environment
Define the main components of a feedback system
Answers :receptor (monitors change and tell control center)
control center (determines set points, evaluate input, generates output command)
Effector (produces response/effect changing controlled variable to reach
homeostasis)
Define positive and negative feedback, and provide examples of each
Answers :negative feedback: reverses a change in a controlled condition.
Examples: thermoregulation; blood sugar regulation.
positive feedback: reinforce a change in one of the body's controlled conditions. A
change in a given direction causes additional change in the same direction. The
response reinforces the stimulus until the cycle is broken. Examples: coagulation
and lactation
Describe blood glucose feedback systems (glucagon vs. insulin)
Answers :Glucagon increases blood sugar levels, whereas insulin decreases blood
sugar levels ( negative feedback)
Define and list the correct order of the essential elements of the stimulus response
pathway
Answers :receptor (monitors change in control center, sends input to control
center), control center (determines set points, evaluate input and send output),
effector(produces response, changes controlled variable in homeostasis)
, similarities and differences between the voluntary and reflex response pathways
Answers :input to the brain is not necessary to elicit a reflex response- can be
enacted just through the spinal cord, this will change the overall speed
differences in the reflex response of the dominant and nondominant sides
Answers :- synapses are plastic and adaptable
- the synaptic facilitation/ transmission is likely faster on the dominant side
because of repeated stimulation
- responses on the same side of the body are faster than when the reflex pathways
go from one side to the other
why is there a difference when the stimulus interval is fixed or random
Answers :the transmission of the signal is more likely to occur when you are
expecting the stimulus
Describe the relationship (and why) between the strength of the hammer tap to the
tendon and the amplitude of the stimulus response
Answers :- the greater the strike, the more the tendon is stretched
- the increased stretching increases the efferent pathway signal, causing more
contraction of the muscle
Define a motor unit and motor unit recruitment
Answers :- single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it controls
- process by which different motor units are activated to produce a given level and
type of muscle contraction
Define tonus, including any expected differences between dominant and
nondominant arms
ELABORATIONS!!
Define homeostasis
Answers :The maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the body's internal
environment
Define the main components of a feedback system
Answers :receptor (monitors change and tell control center)
control center (determines set points, evaluate input, generates output command)
Effector (produces response/effect changing controlled variable to reach
homeostasis)
Define positive and negative feedback, and provide examples of each
Answers :negative feedback: reverses a change in a controlled condition.
Examples: thermoregulation; blood sugar regulation.
positive feedback: reinforce a change in one of the body's controlled conditions. A
change in a given direction causes additional change in the same direction. The
response reinforces the stimulus until the cycle is broken. Examples: coagulation
and lactation
Describe blood glucose feedback systems (glucagon vs. insulin)
Answers :Glucagon increases blood sugar levels, whereas insulin decreases blood
sugar levels ( negative feedback)
Define and list the correct order of the essential elements of the stimulus response
pathway
Answers :receptor (monitors change in control center, sends input to control
center), control center (determines set points, evaluate input and send output),
effector(produces response, changes controlled variable in homeostasis)
, similarities and differences between the voluntary and reflex response pathways
Answers :input to the brain is not necessary to elicit a reflex response- can be
enacted just through the spinal cord, this will change the overall speed
differences in the reflex response of the dominant and nondominant sides
Answers :- synapses are plastic and adaptable
- the synaptic facilitation/ transmission is likely faster on the dominant side
because of repeated stimulation
- responses on the same side of the body are faster than when the reflex pathways
go from one side to the other
why is there a difference when the stimulus interval is fixed or random
Answers :the transmission of the signal is more likely to occur when you are
expecting the stimulus
Describe the relationship (and why) between the strength of the hammer tap to the
tendon and the amplitude of the stimulus response
Answers :- the greater the strike, the more the tendon is stretched
- the increased stretching increases the efferent pathway signal, causing more
contraction of the muscle
Define a motor unit and motor unit recruitment
Answers :- single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it controls
- process by which different motor units are activated to produce a given level and
type of muscle contraction
Define tonus, including any expected differences between dominant and
nondominant arms
