ACS Organic Chemistry Final Exam Study Guide with complete solutions |Latest 2024/2025

ACS Organic Chemistry Final Exam
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Study Guide with complete solutions. __., __., __., __., __.,




What is the equation for Huckel's numbers? What are Huckel's numbers?
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_., 4n + 2 __.,__.,__.,__.,__., __., __.,




Huckel's numbers are the number of electrons in a pi system in aromatic
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compounds
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Do lone pairs contribute to hybridization?
__., __., __., __., __., __.,__., Yes
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How do you draw a Lewis structure?
__., __., Determine the number of
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valence electrons for each atom and add them up
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Attempt to form octets at each atom, counting bonds as two electrons
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How is free energy related to acidity?
__., __., In a reaction where a proton
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is lost, decreasing free energy implies more stability in the products, and
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thus more willingness to donate a proton, meaning more acidic.
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What is the Gibbs free energy equation for an acid reaction?
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G = -RTln([A-][H3O+]/[HA][H2O])
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What are the factors influencing acidity?
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How do polar protic solvents affect SN1, SN2, E1 and E2 reactions?
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Polar protic solvents stabilize the carbocations intermediate in SN1 and E1
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, reactions, and they do not hinder E2 reactions, but they will block the
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stereocenter/alpha carbon in SN2 reactions. __., __., __., __.,




How does size of a molecule affect nucleophilicity in polar protic vs
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polar aprotic solvents?__.,Larger size in polar protic —
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> greater nucleophilicity
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Smaller size in polar aprotic —> greater nucleophilicity
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Do non- __.,


polar solvents favor unimolecular or bimolecular mechanisms in substitutio
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n elimination reactions?
__., Bimolecular, because the charged leaving
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group does not want to leave into a non-polar environment
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-al __.,




-ol or hydroxy-
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-one
-oic acid __.,




-oate __.,




-ether or alkoxy- __., __.,




Iodo- or Bromo- etc. __., __., __., __.,




-amide

Amino- or -amine __., __., __.,__., __.,Aldehyde
Alcohol
Ketone

, Carboxylic acid __.,




Ester
Ether
Alkyl halides __.,




Amide
Amine


Constitutional Isomer A compound with the same atoms but differen
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t atoms bonded to each other
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Stereoisomers __.,__., __.,Molecules with the same atoms differing only in 3D
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configuration
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Enantiomers Stereoisomers with exactly opposite stereochemical
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designations at all stereogenic carbons
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Diasteriomers Stereoisomers with several changes in the
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stereochemical designations of stereogenic carbons (not completely
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opposite)


R __.,__., __., Clockwise


S __.,__., Counterclockwise
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cis __.,__., Same
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