Criminalistics Midterm 1
Forensic science - ANSThe application of science to the criminal and civil laws that are enforced
by police agencies in a criminal justice system
CSI effect - ANSLed the public to believe that every crime scene will yield forensic evidence,
and it produces unrealistic expectations that a prosecutor's case should always be bolstered
and supported by forensic evidence.
Mathieu Orfila - ANSFather of toxicology; Published first scientific treatise on the detection of
poisons and their effects on animals--made forensic toxicology a legitimate scientific endeavor
Alphonse Bertillon - ANSDevised the first scientific system of personal identification through
body measurements
Francis Galton - ANSConducted the first definitive study of fingerprints and their classification
Leone Lattes - ANSDeveloped a procedure to determine blood type from dried bloodstains
Calvin Goddard - ANSUsed a comparison microscope to determine if a particular gun fired a
bullet
Albert Osborn - ANSDeveloped the fundamental principles of document examination
Walter McCrone - ANSUtilized microscopy and other analytical methodologies to examine
evidence
Hans Gross - ANSWrote the first treatise describing the application of scientific principles to the
field of criminal investigation.
Edmond Locard - ANS-Incorporated Gross' principles within a workable crime laboratory
-developed first crime lab
Locard's Exchange Principle - ANSStates that when a criminal comes in contact with an object
or person, a cross-transfer of evidence occurs.
Why crime lab increase? - ANS1) they were inundated with drug specimens due to accelerated
drug abuse
2) the advent of DNA profiling
Future challenges of crime labs? - ANSbacklog of unanalyzed DNA
Forensic science - ANSThe application of science to the criminal and civil laws that are enforced
by police agencies in a criminal justice system
CSI effect - ANSLed the public to believe that every crime scene will yield forensic evidence,
and it produces unrealistic expectations that a prosecutor's case should always be bolstered
and supported by forensic evidence.
Mathieu Orfila - ANSFather of toxicology; Published first scientific treatise on the detection of
poisons and their effects on animals--made forensic toxicology a legitimate scientific endeavor
Alphonse Bertillon - ANSDevised the first scientific system of personal identification through
body measurements
Francis Galton - ANSConducted the first definitive study of fingerprints and their classification
Leone Lattes - ANSDeveloped a procedure to determine blood type from dried bloodstains
Calvin Goddard - ANSUsed a comparison microscope to determine if a particular gun fired a
bullet
Albert Osborn - ANSDeveloped the fundamental principles of document examination
Walter McCrone - ANSUtilized microscopy and other analytical methodologies to examine
evidence
Hans Gross - ANSWrote the first treatise describing the application of scientific principles to the
field of criminal investigation.
Edmond Locard - ANS-Incorporated Gross' principles within a workable crime laboratory
-developed first crime lab
Locard's Exchange Principle - ANSStates that when a criminal comes in contact with an object
or person, a cross-transfer of evidence occurs.
Why crime lab increase? - ANS1) they were inundated with drug specimens due to accelerated
drug abuse
2) the advent of DNA profiling
Future challenges of crime labs? - ANSbacklog of unanalyzed DNA
