BIO 669 Neuro I Questions And Answers With Verified
Solutions 100% Correct Solutions Latest Update
2024/2025.
3 components of a neuron - ANSWER cell body/soma, dendrites, axons
Densely packed cell bodies in the CNS are ______________. - ANSWER nuclei
Densely packed cell bodies in the PNS are _____________. - ANSWER ganglia
_______________ are the receiving part of the neuron. They receive incoming signals and send signals
to the neuron ____ ________. They eventually converge into the ___________ ____________. -
ANSWER Dendrites, cell body, axon hillock
_____________ are able to be affected by external stimuli. - ANSWER Dendrites
_________- take the signal to the end of the cell and carry impulses AWAY from the cell body toward
another neuron or effector. - ANSWER axons
The ____________ ___________ is a cone-shape where the axon leaves the cell body. The axon hillock
determines whether there is enough ____________ ______________ _______________ to develop
and sustain an AP to send down the axon hillock. - ANSWER axon hillock, excitatory graded
potentials
As dendrites bring signals into the ___________ ____ _______ some may be _____________-more
likely to generate signal or ____________-prevent signal from being developed. - ANSWER
neuron cell body, excitatory, inhibitory
The initial segment of the axon is the area of the axon having the _________ threshold for stimulation,
so the AP ________ at this point. - ANSWER lowest, begin
During the __________ state, an imbalance of ions is created and maintained by ion pumps and lack of
permeability to ions. - ANSWER resting state
The concentration of ions are given in ___. The separation or _______________ of ions and charges
creates an ____________ _____________. Little to no difference in charges between inside and
outside __________________. - ANSWER mOsm,mM
polarization
electrical potential
depolarization
The __________ __________ refers to the inside of the cell, a -70mV -the charge associated with the
inside of the cell means that the inside aka the ____________ is more __________ than the
extracellular environment. - ANSWER membrane potential, cytoplasm, more negative
, The inside of the cell is __________ charged and the outside of the cell is _____________ charged. The
different in charges is found at the ______________ not the cell as a whole. What ions cause this
difference? - ANSWER negatively, positively
membrane, K & Na but mostly Na
Which way would K & Na move if left to diffusion and the membrane were permeable? - ANSWER
High to low if left solely to diffusion.
IF there is 150 mM Na and 5mM K outside the cell and 15 mM Na and 150 mM K inside, why would
they not diffuse equally fast across the membrane? - ANSWER There are two forces acting on
the ions. Iff both Na & K were fully permeable, there would be a lot more Na move in than K move out
bc the 2nd thing to help drive these ions is the cell charges. Since the inside of the cell is negative, it
lends an additional force to move the Na in and retain K.
The _____________ ______________ is used to describe the forces affecting ion movement if allowed
to become permeable to a membrane. ___________ gradients move from high to low concentration,
thus becoming more ___________ aka a _________ energy state. - ANSWER electrochemical
gradient, Chemical, random, lower energy state
___________ gradients where opposite charges attract, similar charges repel which can set up a force
to move charged particles. ____________ are charges separated by a membrane and are measured in
_______ - ANSWER Electrical gradients-where opposite charges attract,
potentials
volts, mV
_________ __________ __________ is the result of retained proteins within the cell and ions mostly
Na & K, creating ____________- gradients resulting in a relatively ________ charge within the inner
aspect of the plasma membrane. - ANSWER Resting membrane potential
electrochemical
negative
Na is _________ charged and attracted to a ______ environment inside the cell. It also has a high
____________ gradient helping to pull Na _____ as well. Both forces help to favor movement of Na
_______ the cell. - ANSWER Na is postitively charged, negative
concentration, in, into
How to tell whether the K will leave the cell or stay? Look at the _______________- gradient. In this
case, K is more likely to ______. It will continue to leave until the cell's inside is _________ enough to
pull back as many K ions in as are leaving, that will be K ____________ potential. - ANSWER
electrochemical gradient, leave, negative, equilibrium
_____________ ____________ a way to describe the voltage conditions necessary to counterbalance
the chemical gradient forces of a given _____________ ______ so that equilibrium is established. The
movement in=movement out for only that ______. I.E. What will it take voltage wise or __________
Solutions 100% Correct Solutions Latest Update
2024/2025.
3 components of a neuron - ANSWER cell body/soma, dendrites, axons
Densely packed cell bodies in the CNS are ______________. - ANSWER nuclei
Densely packed cell bodies in the PNS are _____________. - ANSWER ganglia
_______________ are the receiving part of the neuron. They receive incoming signals and send signals
to the neuron ____ ________. They eventually converge into the ___________ ____________. -
ANSWER Dendrites, cell body, axon hillock
_____________ are able to be affected by external stimuli. - ANSWER Dendrites
_________- take the signal to the end of the cell and carry impulses AWAY from the cell body toward
another neuron or effector. - ANSWER axons
The ____________ ___________ is a cone-shape where the axon leaves the cell body. The axon hillock
determines whether there is enough ____________ ______________ _______________ to develop
and sustain an AP to send down the axon hillock. - ANSWER axon hillock, excitatory graded
potentials
As dendrites bring signals into the ___________ ____ _______ some may be _____________-more
likely to generate signal or ____________-prevent signal from being developed. - ANSWER
neuron cell body, excitatory, inhibitory
The initial segment of the axon is the area of the axon having the _________ threshold for stimulation,
so the AP ________ at this point. - ANSWER lowest, begin
During the __________ state, an imbalance of ions is created and maintained by ion pumps and lack of
permeability to ions. - ANSWER resting state
The concentration of ions are given in ___. The separation or _______________ of ions and charges
creates an ____________ _____________. Little to no difference in charges between inside and
outside __________________. - ANSWER mOsm,mM
polarization
electrical potential
depolarization
The __________ __________ refers to the inside of the cell, a -70mV -the charge associated with the
inside of the cell means that the inside aka the ____________ is more __________ than the
extracellular environment. - ANSWER membrane potential, cytoplasm, more negative
, The inside of the cell is __________ charged and the outside of the cell is _____________ charged. The
different in charges is found at the ______________ not the cell as a whole. What ions cause this
difference? - ANSWER negatively, positively
membrane, K & Na but mostly Na
Which way would K & Na move if left to diffusion and the membrane were permeable? - ANSWER
High to low if left solely to diffusion.
IF there is 150 mM Na and 5mM K outside the cell and 15 mM Na and 150 mM K inside, why would
they not diffuse equally fast across the membrane? - ANSWER There are two forces acting on
the ions. Iff both Na & K were fully permeable, there would be a lot more Na move in than K move out
bc the 2nd thing to help drive these ions is the cell charges. Since the inside of the cell is negative, it
lends an additional force to move the Na in and retain K.
The _____________ ______________ is used to describe the forces affecting ion movement if allowed
to become permeable to a membrane. ___________ gradients move from high to low concentration,
thus becoming more ___________ aka a _________ energy state. - ANSWER electrochemical
gradient, Chemical, random, lower energy state
___________ gradients where opposite charges attract, similar charges repel which can set up a force
to move charged particles. ____________ are charges separated by a membrane and are measured in
_______ - ANSWER Electrical gradients-where opposite charges attract,
potentials
volts, mV
_________ __________ __________ is the result of retained proteins within the cell and ions mostly
Na & K, creating ____________- gradients resulting in a relatively ________ charge within the inner
aspect of the plasma membrane. - ANSWER Resting membrane potential
electrochemical
negative
Na is _________ charged and attracted to a ______ environment inside the cell. It also has a high
____________ gradient helping to pull Na _____ as well. Both forces help to favor movement of Na
_______ the cell. - ANSWER Na is postitively charged, negative
concentration, in, into
How to tell whether the K will leave the cell or stay? Look at the _______________- gradient. In this
case, K is more likely to ______. It will continue to leave until the cell's inside is _________ enough to
pull back as many K ions in as are leaving, that will be K ____________ potential. - ANSWER
electrochemical gradient, leave, negative, equilibrium
_____________ ____________ a way to describe the voltage conditions necessary to counterbalance
the chemical gradient forces of a given _____________ ______ so that equilibrium is established. The
movement in=movement out for only that ______. I.E. What will it take voltage wise or __________
