Bio 252 Endocrine System Review
Questions and Correct Answers
3 groups of major organ glands ✅endocrine glands that serve only as endocrine
glands (pituitary, pineal, parathyroid, thyroid, thymus, adrenal)
Endocrine glands that can also be exocrine (pancreas, ovaries, testis)
Hypothalamus - can synthesize/control hormones to affect other endocrine glands
Endocrine vs. Exocrine ✅endocrine - release chemicals within body
Exocrine - release chemicals to outside of body
Nervous system vs. Endocrine system ✅Nervous system:
Uses electrochemical signals
Fast and short frequency
All or none - strength of signal based on frequency
Endocrine system:
Uses hormones as system
Slow and long
Strength of signal based on amplitude
Amino acid based hormones ✅water soluble, unbound in blood, short duration,
activates secondary messenger at plasma membrane of cell to initiate a cascade of
events
Steroid hormones ✅lipid soluble but not water soluble, bound to proteins in the blood,
prolonged duration, passively diffuse through the cell plasma membrane and bind to a
receptor within the cell and act as transcription factor
Hypothalamus ✅link between nervous system and endocrine system
Posterior pituitary ✅not a gland, just used to store neurohormones made by
hypothalamic neurons
2 polypeptide hormones stored and secreted by posterior pituitary ✅ADH and oxytocin
ADH ✅hormone that is responsible for the homeostasis of water. Osmoreceptors in
the hypothalamus monitor the solute concentration of the blood
Questions and Correct Answers
3 groups of major organ glands ✅endocrine glands that serve only as endocrine
glands (pituitary, pineal, parathyroid, thyroid, thymus, adrenal)
Endocrine glands that can also be exocrine (pancreas, ovaries, testis)
Hypothalamus - can synthesize/control hormones to affect other endocrine glands
Endocrine vs. Exocrine ✅endocrine - release chemicals within body
Exocrine - release chemicals to outside of body
Nervous system vs. Endocrine system ✅Nervous system:
Uses electrochemical signals
Fast and short frequency
All or none - strength of signal based on frequency
Endocrine system:
Uses hormones as system
Slow and long
Strength of signal based on amplitude
Amino acid based hormones ✅water soluble, unbound in blood, short duration,
activates secondary messenger at plasma membrane of cell to initiate a cascade of
events
Steroid hormones ✅lipid soluble but not water soluble, bound to proteins in the blood,
prolonged duration, passively diffuse through the cell plasma membrane and bind to a
receptor within the cell and act as transcription factor
Hypothalamus ✅link between nervous system and endocrine system
Posterior pituitary ✅not a gland, just used to store neurohormones made by
hypothalamic neurons
2 polypeptide hormones stored and secreted by posterior pituitary ✅ADH and oxytocin
ADH ✅hormone that is responsible for the homeostasis of water. Osmoreceptors in
the hypothalamus monitor the solute concentration of the blood
