NURS 301 EXAM QESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 2024
Cortisol's Good function on the immune system
- May conserve energy (comes from glucose)
- Decrease in immunity = decrease in damage
-Reduce cytokines
- Used as an anti-inflammatory
Cortisol's Bad functions on the immune system
1) Decreased Wound healing
- decreased fibroblasts
- increased infection susceptibility
2) Promote Gastric Acid secretion
- ulcers
3) Maintain Blood Sugar
- Stress = high BS
4) Suppressed Immune Response
5) Lipolysis
- Fat deposits to trunk and face (small arm/legs and big belly)
norepinephrine (SNS)
In the Adrenal Medulla
,- Sym. effects:
- Increased BP
- Vasoconstriction
- Inhibits GI (decreased gastric secretions
- Dilates Pupils
- Dilates bronchial airways
ECG
- P wave
- QRS
- T wave
hypertrophy
increase in cell size
cardiomegaly
enlargement of the heart
Veins
Hold more volume than arteries, have one way valves, blood has to work against
gravity.
- calf muscles work as a pump and help with venous return
,> GOES TO HEART
Arteries
>CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM HEART
- Higher pressure than veins,
Vasodilators (NO and prostacyclin) - exercise increases NO
Vasconstricters ( endothelins, Angiotension- converting enzyme)
Artheriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries (aging or smoking)
Atherosclerosis
build up of plaque in arteries
Giant cell arterides
chronic inflammation of large to small arteries
- mainly affects arteries of head (headache and tenderness, sometimes blindness)
Hypertension risk factors
, Genetics- race, family history
Age, smoking, diet (high sodium/ saturated fat)
SNS: caffeine, drugs, meds, etc.
Orthostatic/ postural hypotension
Decrease in SBP >20 or DBP >10
- within 3 minutes of standing bp drop (dizzy)
- From dehydration, aging, drugs, prolonged bed rest, ANS dysfunction
Hypertensive Crisis
- BP very high
>180/>120
- emergency depends on end-organ involvement (if organ has been compromised)
Hypertension complications
Perfusion issues
- Left ventricle hypertrophy, Ischemic stroke or heart disease, chronic kidney
disease, or intracranial hemorrhage
Preeclempsia-eclampsia
hypertension in pregnancy
ANSWERS 2024
Cortisol's Good function on the immune system
- May conserve energy (comes from glucose)
- Decrease in immunity = decrease in damage
-Reduce cytokines
- Used as an anti-inflammatory
Cortisol's Bad functions on the immune system
1) Decreased Wound healing
- decreased fibroblasts
- increased infection susceptibility
2) Promote Gastric Acid secretion
- ulcers
3) Maintain Blood Sugar
- Stress = high BS
4) Suppressed Immune Response
5) Lipolysis
- Fat deposits to trunk and face (small arm/legs and big belly)
norepinephrine (SNS)
In the Adrenal Medulla
,- Sym. effects:
- Increased BP
- Vasoconstriction
- Inhibits GI (decreased gastric secretions
- Dilates Pupils
- Dilates bronchial airways
ECG
- P wave
- QRS
- T wave
hypertrophy
increase in cell size
cardiomegaly
enlargement of the heart
Veins
Hold more volume than arteries, have one way valves, blood has to work against
gravity.
- calf muscles work as a pump and help with venous return
,> GOES TO HEART
Arteries
>CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM HEART
- Higher pressure than veins,
Vasodilators (NO and prostacyclin) - exercise increases NO
Vasconstricters ( endothelins, Angiotension- converting enzyme)
Artheriosclerosis
hardening of the arteries (aging or smoking)
Atherosclerosis
build up of plaque in arteries
Giant cell arterides
chronic inflammation of large to small arteries
- mainly affects arteries of head (headache and tenderness, sometimes blindness)
Hypertension risk factors
, Genetics- race, family history
Age, smoking, diet (high sodium/ saturated fat)
SNS: caffeine, drugs, meds, etc.
Orthostatic/ postural hypotension
Decrease in SBP >20 or DBP >10
- within 3 minutes of standing bp drop (dizzy)
- From dehydration, aging, drugs, prolonged bed rest, ANS dysfunction
Hypertensive Crisis
- BP very high
>180/>120
- emergency depends on end-organ involvement (if organ has been compromised)
Hypertension complications
Perfusion issues
- Left ventricle hypertrophy, Ischemic stroke or heart disease, chronic kidney
disease, or intracranial hemorrhage
Preeclempsia-eclampsia
hypertension in pregnancy
