NCSF CPT Exam Prep Questions And Answers (202472025)
What do bones contain? - ✔✔Organic components such as collagen and various
mineral elements with 98% calcium storage in the body
How does bond mineral density BMD decline over time? - ✔✔When daily calcium
intake is insufficient
Low bone mineral density leads to what? - ✔✔Osteopenia and if untreated to
osteoperosis
What is osteoporosis? - ✔✔Bone disease which causes skeletal structures to become
brittle and fragile
The skeleton consists of which two segments? - ✔✔Axial and appendicular
What is the axial skeleton? - ✔✔The skull, hyoid, vertebral column, sternum, and
ribs
What is appendicular skeleton? - ✔✔limbs and girdles
What type of bones are long bones? - ✔✔Arms and legs
What type of bones are short bones - ✔✔Hands and feet
What type of bones are irregular? - ✔✔Vertebrae
What type of bones are flat? - ✔✔Scapula
,What is a joint? And what are the types? - ✔✔Intersection of 2 bones, major types
include fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
Bone length increases until when? - ✔✔Until the cartilage is ossified in the
epiphyseal plates of long bones; peak bone mass is usually attained by 18 yrs old
What is the epiphyseal plate? - ✔✔Transverse cartilage plates located near the end
of long bones and responsible for increases in vertical growth during
childhood/adolescence
What is the synovial joints purpose? - ✔✔Uses synovial fluid to reduce frictional
stresses and allow for considerable movement between associated articulating bones
What skeletal system uses synovial joints the most? - ✔✔Appendicular
What are the synovial joints? - ✔✔Plane, pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, ball and
socket
What does a plane joint do? - ✔✔Allows bones to slide past each other. Mid carpal
and midtarsal joints (hands and feet)
What's does a pivot joint do? - ✔✔Allows rotation around and axis. Found in neck
and forearm
What does a hinge joint do? - ✔✔Allows extension and retraction of an appendage.
Hinge joints are found in the knees, elbows, fingers and toes
,What does a condyloid joint do? - ✔✔Similar to call and socket but with less
movement. The wrist
What does a saddle joint do? - ✔✔Allows movement back and forth and up and
down. The only one is the thumb
What does the ball and socket joint do? - ✔✔Allows for radical movement in almost
any direction. Shoulders and hips
Ligaments and tendons do what for joints? - ✔✔Provide structural support
What are the 3 types of muscle? - ✔✔Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
What is muscle fascia? - ✔✔Fibrous connective tissue that encapsulates full muscles
as well as bundles of fibers; provides the muscles shape and regulated
tension/transfer of force across joints
How is nerve info carried? - ✔✔Action potentials
What is an action potential? - ✔✔Wave like electrical charge in a cell membrane
that signals the cascade of events leading to a muscular contraction
Where does action potential current travel to? - ✔✔Motor neurons which connect to
specific fibers (motor unit)
What is a motor unit? - ✔✔Motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
, Sliding filament theory - ✔✔Action potential travels down T tubule. This stimulates
sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions which unlock the bond between actin
and troponin
When troponin is moved from calcium activity, myosin can attach to actin forming
a cross bridge
ATP is split at the myosin-actin attachment site which releases energy and allows
the myosin head to slide the actin to contract (shorten) the muscle fiber
What state is a muscle fiber in? - ✔✔Either in a state of producing max tension or
not producing any tension at all- know as "all or none"
What are the 2 types of motor unit firing patterns? - ✔✔Synchronized firing
Asynchronous firing
What is synchronized firing? - ✔✔Employed during high output demands involving
fast twitch fibers and warranting significant fiber recruitment
What is asynchronous firing? - ✔✔Employed during endurance activities involving
slow twitch fibers which conserve motor unit potential, allowing prolonged work
Agonist and antagonist - ✔✔Agonist- bicep in curl antagonist- tricep in curl
What is isotonic muscle contraction? - ✔✔Tension remains constant while joint
angles change; seen during most exercises that include acceleration and deceleration
component
What do bones contain? - ✔✔Organic components such as collagen and various
mineral elements with 98% calcium storage in the body
How does bond mineral density BMD decline over time? - ✔✔When daily calcium
intake is insufficient
Low bone mineral density leads to what? - ✔✔Osteopenia and if untreated to
osteoperosis
What is osteoporosis? - ✔✔Bone disease which causes skeletal structures to become
brittle and fragile
The skeleton consists of which two segments? - ✔✔Axial and appendicular
What is the axial skeleton? - ✔✔The skull, hyoid, vertebral column, sternum, and
ribs
What is appendicular skeleton? - ✔✔limbs and girdles
What type of bones are long bones? - ✔✔Arms and legs
What type of bones are short bones - ✔✔Hands and feet
What type of bones are irregular? - ✔✔Vertebrae
What type of bones are flat? - ✔✔Scapula
,What is a joint? And what are the types? - ✔✔Intersection of 2 bones, major types
include fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
Bone length increases until when? - ✔✔Until the cartilage is ossified in the
epiphyseal plates of long bones; peak bone mass is usually attained by 18 yrs old
What is the epiphyseal plate? - ✔✔Transverse cartilage plates located near the end
of long bones and responsible for increases in vertical growth during
childhood/adolescence
What is the synovial joints purpose? - ✔✔Uses synovial fluid to reduce frictional
stresses and allow for considerable movement between associated articulating bones
What skeletal system uses synovial joints the most? - ✔✔Appendicular
What are the synovial joints? - ✔✔Plane, pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, ball and
socket
What does a plane joint do? - ✔✔Allows bones to slide past each other. Mid carpal
and midtarsal joints (hands and feet)
What's does a pivot joint do? - ✔✔Allows rotation around and axis. Found in neck
and forearm
What does a hinge joint do? - ✔✔Allows extension and retraction of an appendage.
Hinge joints are found in the knees, elbows, fingers and toes
,What does a condyloid joint do? - ✔✔Similar to call and socket but with less
movement. The wrist
What does a saddle joint do? - ✔✔Allows movement back and forth and up and
down. The only one is the thumb
What does the ball and socket joint do? - ✔✔Allows for radical movement in almost
any direction. Shoulders and hips
Ligaments and tendons do what for joints? - ✔✔Provide structural support
What are the 3 types of muscle? - ✔✔Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
What is muscle fascia? - ✔✔Fibrous connective tissue that encapsulates full muscles
as well as bundles of fibers; provides the muscles shape and regulated
tension/transfer of force across joints
How is nerve info carried? - ✔✔Action potentials
What is an action potential? - ✔✔Wave like electrical charge in a cell membrane
that signals the cascade of events leading to a muscular contraction
Where does action potential current travel to? - ✔✔Motor neurons which connect to
specific fibers (motor unit)
What is a motor unit? - ✔✔Motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
, Sliding filament theory - ✔✔Action potential travels down T tubule. This stimulates
sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions which unlock the bond between actin
and troponin
When troponin is moved from calcium activity, myosin can attach to actin forming
a cross bridge
ATP is split at the myosin-actin attachment site which releases energy and allows
the myosin head to slide the actin to contract (shorten) the muscle fiber
What state is a muscle fiber in? - ✔✔Either in a state of producing max tension or
not producing any tension at all- know as "all or none"
What are the 2 types of motor unit firing patterns? - ✔✔Synchronized firing
Asynchronous firing
What is synchronized firing? - ✔✔Employed during high output demands involving
fast twitch fibers and warranting significant fiber recruitment
What is asynchronous firing? - ✔✔Employed during endurance activities involving
slow twitch fibers which conserve motor unit potential, allowing prolonged work
Agonist and antagonist - ✔✔Agonist- bicep in curl antagonist- tricep in curl
What is isotonic muscle contraction? - ✔✔Tension remains constant while joint
angles change; seen during most exercises that include acceleration and deceleration
component
