Biology 104 Final Exam Questions and
Answers
Phylum Chordata consists of what group of animals? - Answer -The Chordates
What is a notochord? - Answer -A flexible dorsal structure with muscles attached to it
It is the first embryonic skeletal part
What is the dorsal tubular nerve chord? - Answer -The "spinal chord"; enlarges on the
anterior side to form brain
The muscular part used for locomotion in aquatic species of chordates - Answer -Post
anal tail
Describe the endostyle - Answer -Glandular groove in the pharynx that produces mucus
to trap food
In most vertebrates this is replaced by the thyroid
Originated as a suspension-feeding adaptation and is used for respiration in fishes -
Answer -Pharyngeal gill slits
What is the common name for Sub-Phylum Urochordata? - Answer -Proto-chordates
What is the common name for Sub-Phylum Cephalochordata? - Answer -Tunicates and
lancelets
Are tunicates sessile as adults? - Answer -Yes
What is the exterior of a tunicate called? - Answer -The tunic
The vertebrates are members of what sub-phylum? - Answer -Sub-Phylum Vertebrata
Name some characteristics of vertebrates - Answer -1) Vertebral column
2) Cranium (brain case)
3) Pectoral and pelvic girdles
4) Six classes of fish and four classes of tetrapods
What were known as "jaw-less vertebrates"? - Answer -Ostracoderms
, These vertebrates were heavily armored and had jaws - Answer -Placoderms
What ancient species gave rise to modern bony fishes? - Answer -Ancanthodians
What is the common name for Class Myxini? - Answer -Hagfish
What is the common name for Class Cephalospidomorphi? - Answer -Lamprey
What do Class Myxini and Cephalospidomorphi have in common? - Answer -1) Both
have cartilagenous skeleton
2) 2 chambered hearts
3) Gills for respiration
4) Kidney for excretion and osmoregulation
5) Myxini feed on dead/dying prey while Lamprey are considered ecto-parastites
What is the common name for Class Chondrichthyes? - Answer -Cartilage fishes
Name some characteristics of Class Chondrichthyes - Answer -1) Jaws, paired fins, and
placoid scales
2) Skeleton made of cartilage
3) 2 Chambered heart
4) 5-7 gill pairs
5) Kidney for excretion of ammonia waste
What is special about the kidneys of Class Chondrichthyes? - Answer -It keeps tissue
and blood hyper-osmotic to dilute sea water and produce a large volume of urine
Runs along the back of cartilage fishes for detecting water currents - Answer -Lateral
line
Used by cartilage fishes for detecting prey - Answer -Electro receptors
Claspers on pelvic fins of male sharks are used for what? - Answer -Reproduction
What are the three different types of reproductive strategies used by chordates? -
Answer -1) Oviparous - lay eggs
2) Ovoviviparous - eggs kept internal until hatching
3) Viviparous - embryos develop in womb with oxygen and nutrients obtained from
mother
What is the common name for Class Osteichthyes? - Answer -Bony fishes
Name some characteristics of Class Osteichthyes - Answer -1) Skeleton is bone
2) Most diverse vertebrate class
3) Jaws, paired fins, and scales (of bone)
-Cycloid scales
Answers
Phylum Chordata consists of what group of animals? - Answer -The Chordates
What is a notochord? - Answer -A flexible dorsal structure with muscles attached to it
It is the first embryonic skeletal part
What is the dorsal tubular nerve chord? - Answer -The "spinal chord"; enlarges on the
anterior side to form brain
The muscular part used for locomotion in aquatic species of chordates - Answer -Post
anal tail
Describe the endostyle - Answer -Glandular groove in the pharynx that produces mucus
to trap food
In most vertebrates this is replaced by the thyroid
Originated as a suspension-feeding adaptation and is used for respiration in fishes -
Answer -Pharyngeal gill slits
What is the common name for Sub-Phylum Urochordata? - Answer -Proto-chordates
What is the common name for Sub-Phylum Cephalochordata? - Answer -Tunicates and
lancelets
Are tunicates sessile as adults? - Answer -Yes
What is the exterior of a tunicate called? - Answer -The tunic
The vertebrates are members of what sub-phylum? - Answer -Sub-Phylum Vertebrata
Name some characteristics of vertebrates - Answer -1) Vertebral column
2) Cranium (brain case)
3) Pectoral and pelvic girdles
4) Six classes of fish and four classes of tetrapods
What were known as "jaw-less vertebrates"? - Answer -Ostracoderms
, These vertebrates were heavily armored and had jaws - Answer -Placoderms
What ancient species gave rise to modern bony fishes? - Answer -Ancanthodians
What is the common name for Class Myxini? - Answer -Hagfish
What is the common name for Class Cephalospidomorphi? - Answer -Lamprey
What do Class Myxini and Cephalospidomorphi have in common? - Answer -1) Both
have cartilagenous skeleton
2) 2 chambered hearts
3) Gills for respiration
4) Kidney for excretion and osmoregulation
5) Myxini feed on dead/dying prey while Lamprey are considered ecto-parastites
What is the common name for Class Chondrichthyes? - Answer -Cartilage fishes
Name some characteristics of Class Chondrichthyes - Answer -1) Jaws, paired fins, and
placoid scales
2) Skeleton made of cartilage
3) 2 Chambered heart
4) 5-7 gill pairs
5) Kidney for excretion of ammonia waste
What is special about the kidneys of Class Chondrichthyes? - Answer -It keeps tissue
and blood hyper-osmotic to dilute sea water and produce a large volume of urine
Runs along the back of cartilage fishes for detecting water currents - Answer -Lateral
line
Used by cartilage fishes for detecting prey - Answer -Electro receptors
Claspers on pelvic fins of male sharks are used for what? - Answer -Reproduction
What are the three different types of reproductive strategies used by chordates? -
Answer -1) Oviparous - lay eggs
2) Ovoviviparous - eggs kept internal until hatching
3) Viviparous - embryos develop in womb with oxygen and nutrients obtained from
mother
What is the common name for Class Osteichthyes? - Answer -Bony fishes
Name some characteristics of Class Osteichthyes - Answer -1) Skeleton is bone
2) Most diverse vertebrate class
3) Jaws, paired fins, and scales (of bone)
-Cycloid scales
