Biology 104: Exam 2 Questions and
Answers
What is the name given to the specific location of a gene on a chromosome? (Ch. 9) -
Answer -Locus
If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA helix, what percent of the bases are
guanine? (Ch. 10) - Answer -30%
What is the genotype of an individual who is heterozygous for dimples? (Ch. 9) -
Answer -Dd
Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a(n) ____. (Ch. 10) - Answer -
mutation
An individual who is heterozygous for cystic fibrosis, a recessive disorder,
is_____________. (Ch. 9) - Answer -a carrier of cystic fibrosis
Gregor Mendel was a monk known for his work on inheritance using what organism?
(Ch. 9) - Answer -garden peas
DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ______ monomers. (Ch. 10) - Answer -
nucleotide
Which enzyme is responsible for RNA synthesis? (Ch. 10) - Answer -RNA polymerase
What is the process by which genotype becomes expressed as a phenotype? (Ch. 11) -
Answer -gene expression
Genetically identical organisms are called _______. (Ch. 11) - Answer -clones
What is recombinant DNA? (Ch. 12) - Answer -DNA that carries genes from different
organisms
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments primarily on the basis of differences in
their_______. (Ch. 12) - Answer -length
Sister chromatids are joined at the _______. - Answer -centromere
, Virus reproduction (Ch. 10) - Answer -infects a host cell
DNA viruses - Answer -hepatitis, chicken pox, herpes
RNA viruses - Answer -common cold, measles, mumps, polio, and AIDS
Virus dormancy - Answer -
virus severity - Answer -how much a virus affects a person depends on the immune
system response and what tissue is affected
vaccines - Answer -exposure to weak/inactive form of virus
influenza - Answer -RNA virus with high mutations
RNA v.s. DNA - Answer -RNA= single strand, one type of sugar, and has U. DNA=
double strand, different type of sugar, and has T.
Types of RNA - Answer -mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
mRNA - Answer -messenger
rRNA - Answer -ribosomal
tRNA - Answer -transfer
Transcription Steps - Answer -initiation, RNA elongation, termination, processing of
RNA (in Eukaryotes)
RNA polymerase - Answer -enzyme that links RNA nucleotides
promoter - Answer -starter site
terminator - Answer -ending site
RNA processing to mRNA - Answer -transcript goes to mRNA, adds cap and tail
nucleotides, RNA splicing occurs, joins exon regions
Introns - Answer -DNA that code for nothing
Exons - Answer -DNA that does code for something
reverse transcriptase - Answer -found in retro viruses like HIV that causes AIDS
retrovirus - Answer -
Answers
What is the name given to the specific location of a gene on a chromosome? (Ch. 9) -
Answer -Locus
If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA helix, what percent of the bases are
guanine? (Ch. 10) - Answer -30%
What is the genotype of an individual who is heterozygous for dimples? (Ch. 9) -
Answer -Dd
Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a(n) ____. (Ch. 10) - Answer -
mutation
An individual who is heterozygous for cystic fibrosis, a recessive disorder,
is_____________. (Ch. 9) - Answer -a carrier of cystic fibrosis
Gregor Mendel was a monk known for his work on inheritance using what organism?
(Ch. 9) - Answer -garden peas
DNA and RNA are polymers composed of ______ monomers. (Ch. 10) - Answer -
nucleotide
Which enzyme is responsible for RNA synthesis? (Ch. 10) - Answer -RNA polymerase
What is the process by which genotype becomes expressed as a phenotype? (Ch. 11) -
Answer -gene expression
Genetically identical organisms are called _______. (Ch. 11) - Answer -clones
What is recombinant DNA? (Ch. 12) - Answer -DNA that carries genes from different
organisms
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments primarily on the basis of differences in
their_______. (Ch. 12) - Answer -length
Sister chromatids are joined at the _______. - Answer -centromere
, Virus reproduction (Ch. 10) - Answer -infects a host cell
DNA viruses - Answer -hepatitis, chicken pox, herpes
RNA viruses - Answer -common cold, measles, mumps, polio, and AIDS
Virus dormancy - Answer -
virus severity - Answer -how much a virus affects a person depends on the immune
system response and what tissue is affected
vaccines - Answer -exposure to weak/inactive form of virus
influenza - Answer -RNA virus with high mutations
RNA v.s. DNA - Answer -RNA= single strand, one type of sugar, and has U. DNA=
double strand, different type of sugar, and has T.
Types of RNA - Answer -mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
mRNA - Answer -messenger
rRNA - Answer -ribosomal
tRNA - Answer -transfer
Transcription Steps - Answer -initiation, RNA elongation, termination, processing of
RNA (in Eukaryotes)
RNA polymerase - Answer -enzyme that links RNA nucleotides
promoter - Answer -starter site
terminator - Answer -ending site
RNA processing to mRNA - Answer -transcript goes to mRNA, adds cap and tail
nucleotides, RNA splicing occurs, joins exon regions
Introns - Answer -DNA that code for nothing
Exons - Answer -DNA that does code for something
reverse transcriptase - Answer -found in retro viruses like HIV that causes AIDS
retrovirus - Answer -
