STUVIA 2024/2025
AEMT Trauma
Conditions that obstruct the blood flow to the heart, decrease the perfusion
caused by:
-tension pneumothorax
-cardiac tamponade
-pulmonary embolisms - ✔✔What is obstructive shock?
(a) Partial thawing followed by freezing
(b) fully thaw it - ✔✔When someone has frostbite, avoid (a), and instead (b)
Failure to compensate following hypothermia - ✔✔Poikilothermic
Head = 18%
Torso front = 18%
Back = 18%
Arms = 9% each
Legs = 14% each - ✔✔Rule of Nines - Pediatric
Head = 9%
%
Back = 18%
Torso Front = 18%
Arms = 9% each
Groin 1%
Legs = 18% each - ✔✔Rule of Nines - Adult
Shock due to widespread vasodilation - ✔✔What is distributive shock?
-Failure of the heart to pump adequately
-Reduces CO and compromises tissue perfusion - ✔✔What is cariogenic shock?
No oxygen getting to the brain due to heart or lung failure at time of injury, resulting in brain damage -
✔✔anoxic brain injury
Stroke:
-Hot/dry skin
-lack of sweating
-AMS
-<103 internal temp
stuvia
, STUVIA 2024/2025
Exhaustion:
-Nausea/vomiting
-muscle weakness
-excessive sweating - ✔✔Heat Stroke versus Heat Exhaustion
2nd: redness, blisters, pain, moist skin
3rd: white, leathery appearance, not always painful - ✔✔2nd degree versus 3rd degree burn
Tissue spread from GSW - ✔✔Cavitation
●Class I hemorrhage involves a blood volume loss of up to 15 percent (< 750 ml). The heart rate is
minimally elevated or normal, and there is no change in blood pressure, pulse pressure, or respiratory
rate.
●Class II hemorrhage occurs when there is a 15 to 30 percent blood volume loss (750-1500) and is
manifested clinically as tachycardia (heart rate of 100 to 120), tachypnea (respiratory rate of 20 to
24), and a decreased pulse pressure, although systolic blood pressure changes minimally if at all.
The skin may be cool and clammy, and capillary refill may be delayed.
●Class III hemorrhage involves a 30 to 40 percent blood volume loss (1500-2000 ml), resulting in a
%
significant drop in blood pressure and changes in mental status. Any hypotension (systolic blood
pressure less than 90 mmHg) or drop in blood pressure greater than 20 to 30 percent of the
measurement at presentation is cause for concern. Heart rate (≥12 - ✔✔Classes of hemorrhage
a collection of blood in the space between the skull and dura mater - ✔✔epidural hematoma
bleeding into the brain as a result of a ruptured blood vessel within the brain - ✔✔intracerebral
hemorrhage
involves stretching, shearing, or tearing of the extension of the neuron that conducts electrical
impulses away from the cell body. - ✔✔diffuse axonal injury
redness of the skin, first expected sign after blunt trauma injury, often the only clue to a critical
abdominal injury - ✔✔erythema
A pillow/vacuum splint - ✔✔Immobilization of a sprained ankle would be accomplished best with
at least 2/3 the diameter of the trachea - ✔✔In order for an open chest wound to become a sucking
chest wound, the hole needs to be...
stuvia
AEMT Trauma
Conditions that obstruct the blood flow to the heart, decrease the perfusion
caused by:
-tension pneumothorax
-cardiac tamponade
-pulmonary embolisms - ✔✔What is obstructive shock?
(a) Partial thawing followed by freezing
(b) fully thaw it - ✔✔When someone has frostbite, avoid (a), and instead (b)
Failure to compensate following hypothermia - ✔✔Poikilothermic
Head = 18%
Torso front = 18%
Back = 18%
Arms = 9% each
Legs = 14% each - ✔✔Rule of Nines - Pediatric
Head = 9%
%
Back = 18%
Torso Front = 18%
Arms = 9% each
Groin 1%
Legs = 18% each - ✔✔Rule of Nines - Adult
Shock due to widespread vasodilation - ✔✔What is distributive shock?
-Failure of the heart to pump adequately
-Reduces CO and compromises tissue perfusion - ✔✔What is cariogenic shock?
No oxygen getting to the brain due to heart or lung failure at time of injury, resulting in brain damage -
✔✔anoxic brain injury
Stroke:
-Hot/dry skin
-lack of sweating
-AMS
-<103 internal temp
stuvia
, STUVIA 2024/2025
Exhaustion:
-Nausea/vomiting
-muscle weakness
-excessive sweating - ✔✔Heat Stroke versus Heat Exhaustion
2nd: redness, blisters, pain, moist skin
3rd: white, leathery appearance, not always painful - ✔✔2nd degree versus 3rd degree burn
Tissue spread from GSW - ✔✔Cavitation
●Class I hemorrhage involves a blood volume loss of up to 15 percent (< 750 ml). The heart rate is
minimally elevated or normal, and there is no change in blood pressure, pulse pressure, or respiratory
rate.
●Class II hemorrhage occurs when there is a 15 to 30 percent blood volume loss (750-1500) and is
manifested clinically as tachycardia (heart rate of 100 to 120), tachypnea (respiratory rate of 20 to
24), and a decreased pulse pressure, although systolic blood pressure changes minimally if at all.
The skin may be cool and clammy, and capillary refill may be delayed.
●Class III hemorrhage involves a 30 to 40 percent blood volume loss (1500-2000 ml), resulting in a
%
significant drop in blood pressure and changes in mental status. Any hypotension (systolic blood
pressure less than 90 mmHg) or drop in blood pressure greater than 20 to 30 percent of the
measurement at presentation is cause for concern. Heart rate (≥12 - ✔✔Classes of hemorrhage
a collection of blood in the space between the skull and dura mater - ✔✔epidural hematoma
bleeding into the brain as a result of a ruptured blood vessel within the brain - ✔✔intracerebral
hemorrhage
involves stretching, shearing, or tearing of the extension of the neuron that conducts electrical
impulses away from the cell body. - ✔✔diffuse axonal injury
redness of the skin, first expected sign after blunt trauma injury, often the only clue to a critical
abdominal injury - ✔✔erythema
A pillow/vacuum splint - ✔✔Immobilization of a sprained ankle would be accomplished best with
at least 2/3 the diameter of the trachea - ✔✔In order for an open chest wound to become a sucking
chest wound, the hole needs to be...
stuvia
