Pathophysiology NURS 231 Module 7 Exam
Latest Update Comprehensive Questions
with Verified Answers Pass 100%
2 most common causes of PUD - Answer H. pylori infection
NSAIDs including aspirin
-both have been shown to impair the mechanisms that protect the gastric mucosa from the damaging
effects of acid
2 patterns of contraction in the small intestine - Answer segmentation waves
peristaltic contractions
2 patterns of motility in the large intestine - Answer haustral churning
propulsive mass movements
3 main cells in stomach necessary for digestion - Answer Parietal cells
chief cells
G cells
4 layers of the GI wall - Answer mucosal layer
submucosal layer
muscularis externa
serosal layer
accessory organs - Answer teeth
tongue
gallbladder
salivary glands
liver
pancreas
acute diarrhea - Answer -lasts for less than 2 weeks
-usually caused by an infectious microbes
-usually clears on its own
,-divided into noninflammatory (large volume) and inflammatory (small volume) based on stool
characteristics
Barrett esophagus - Answer -normal squamous mucosa that lines the esophagus is gradually
replaced by abnormal columnar epithelium (as seen in the stomach or intestines)
-major risk factor for developing esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Be familiar with the pathology of jaundice - Answer
Be familiar with the risk factors, disease pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of
cholecystitis. - Answer
Be familiar with the risk factors, disease pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of
cirrhosis - Answer
causes of acute diarrhea - Answer -most often caused by infectious organisms
-some organisms secrete toxins that stimulate fluid secretion
-some organisms invade and destroy intestinal epithelial cells which changes fluid transport so that
secretory activity continues while absorption is stopped
causes of chronic diarrhea - Answer 4 major causes:
(1) presence of hyperosmotic luminal contents
(2) increased intestinal secretory processes
(3) inflammatory conditions
(4) infectious processes
-Factitious diarrhea is caused by overuse of laxatives or excessive intake of laxative-type foods.
-can be from IBD, IBS, malabsorption syndrome, endocrine disorders (hyperthyroidism, diabetic
autonomic neuropathy), or radiation colitis
causes of constipation - Answer -decreased motility
-drugs
-disease
-obstruction
-holding it
-not enough fiber or water
-low muscle tone
, -inactivity
-pregnancy
-hemorrhoids
-diseases (neurological or endocrine)
CCK - Answer -site of secretion: duodenum, jejunum
-stimulus for secretion: Products of protein digestion and long-chain fatty acids
-action: Stimulates contraction of gallbladder & secretion of pancreatic enzymes; slows gastric emptying;
inhibits food intake
characteristics of Chron disease - Answer -granulomatous inflammation
-submucosal skip lesions in the ileum and colon
-diarrhea is common
-rectal bleeding is rare
-fistulas are common
-strictures are common
-perianal abscesses and common
-development of cancer is uncommon
characteristics of ulcerative colitis - Answer -primarily in rectum and left colon
-diarrhea is common
-rectal bleeding is common
-fistulas are rare
-strictures are rare
-perianal abscesses are rare
-development of cancer is relatively common
chief cells - Answer -1 of 3 major cells involved in digestion
-located in body and fundus of stomach
-secrete pepsinogen
-pepsinogen is converted to pepsin in the stomach
-pepsin initiates the breakdown of proteins
Latest Update Comprehensive Questions
with Verified Answers Pass 100%
2 most common causes of PUD - Answer H. pylori infection
NSAIDs including aspirin
-both have been shown to impair the mechanisms that protect the gastric mucosa from the damaging
effects of acid
2 patterns of contraction in the small intestine - Answer segmentation waves
peristaltic contractions
2 patterns of motility in the large intestine - Answer haustral churning
propulsive mass movements
3 main cells in stomach necessary for digestion - Answer Parietal cells
chief cells
G cells
4 layers of the GI wall - Answer mucosal layer
submucosal layer
muscularis externa
serosal layer
accessory organs - Answer teeth
tongue
gallbladder
salivary glands
liver
pancreas
acute diarrhea - Answer -lasts for less than 2 weeks
-usually caused by an infectious microbes
-usually clears on its own
,-divided into noninflammatory (large volume) and inflammatory (small volume) based on stool
characteristics
Barrett esophagus - Answer -normal squamous mucosa that lines the esophagus is gradually
replaced by abnormal columnar epithelium (as seen in the stomach or intestines)
-major risk factor for developing esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Be familiar with the pathology of jaundice - Answer
Be familiar with the risk factors, disease pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of
cholecystitis. - Answer
Be familiar with the risk factors, disease pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of
cirrhosis - Answer
causes of acute diarrhea - Answer -most often caused by infectious organisms
-some organisms secrete toxins that stimulate fluid secretion
-some organisms invade and destroy intestinal epithelial cells which changes fluid transport so that
secretory activity continues while absorption is stopped
causes of chronic diarrhea - Answer 4 major causes:
(1) presence of hyperosmotic luminal contents
(2) increased intestinal secretory processes
(3) inflammatory conditions
(4) infectious processes
-Factitious diarrhea is caused by overuse of laxatives or excessive intake of laxative-type foods.
-can be from IBD, IBS, malabsorption syndrome, endocrine disorders (hyperthyroidism, diabetic
autonomic neuropathy), or radiation colitis
causes of constipation - Answer -decreased motility
-drugs
-disease
-obstruction
-holding it
-not enough fiber or water
-low muscle tone
, -inactivity
-pregnancy
-hemorrhoids
-diseases (neurological or endocrine)
CCK - Answer -site of secretion: duodenum, jejunum
-stimulus for secretion: Products of protein digestion and long-chain fatty acids
-action: Stimulates contraction of gallbladder & secretion of pancreatic enzymes; slows gastric emptying;
inhibits food intake
characteristics of Chron disease - Answer -granulomatous inflammation
-submucosal skip lesions in the ileum and colon
-diarrhea is common
-rectal bleeding is rare
-fistulas are common
-strictures are common
-perianal abscesses and common
-development of cancer is uncommon
characteristics of ulcerative colitis - Answer -primarily in rectum and left colon
-diarrhea is common
-rectal bleeding is common
-fistulas are rare
-strictures are rare
-perianal abscesses are rare
-development of cancer is relatively common
chief cells - Answer -1 of 3 major cells involved in digestion
-located in body and fundus of stomach
-secrete pepsinogen
-pepsinogen is converted to pepsin in the stomach
-pepsin initiates the breakdown of proteins
