MCAT Cell Biology questions and answers
Cell Theory - 1) All living things are made of cells
2) Cell is the basic functional unit of life
3) Cells are formed from other cells
4) Cells contain DNA (genetic information)
Are viruses living organisms? - No. They dont contain DNA (they have RNA), and
they are not able to reproduce on their own (violates 3 and 4 of cell theory)
Eukaryotic cells vs Prokaryotic cells - Eu: Nucleus. Pro: No nucleus
Nucleus - -contains all of the necessary information for replication
-surrounded by the nuclear envelope that protects nucleus from cytoplasm
Nucleolus - -makes up 25% of the nucleus
-rRNA synthesis
Mitochondria - -power plant of the cell, provides energy
-outer membrane, inner membrane (cristae), intermembrane space, michondrial
matrix
, MCAT Cell Biology questions and answers
-semi-autonomous - have their own DNA and can replicate through binary fision =
cytoplasmic/extranuclear inheritance
**RBCs don't have mitochondria - their only source of energy is from glycolysis
Apoptosis - -programmed cell death
-mitchondria can do apoptosis, as well as lysosomes
Lysosomes - -have hydrolytic enzymes that can degrade substrates
-autolysis
Rough ER - -has ribosomes
-place of protein translation
Smooth ER - -no ribosomes
-important for lipid synthesis, detoxification of drugs/proteins
-transfer proteins from the RER to the Golgi Apparatus
Cell Theory - 1) All living things are made of cells
2) Cell is the basic functional unit of life
3) Cells are formed from other cells
4) Cells contain DNA (genetic information)
Are viruses living organisms? - No. They dont contain DNA (they have RNA), and
they are not able to reproduce on their own (violates 3 and 4 of cell theory)
Eukaryotic cells vs Prokaryotic cells - Eu: Nucleus. Pro: No nucleus
Nucleus - -contains all of the necessary information for replication
-surrounded by the nuclear envelope that protects nucleus from cytoplasm
Nucleolus - -makes up 25% of the nucleus
-rRNA synthesis
Mitochondria - -power plant of the cell, provides energy
-outer membrane, inner membrane (cristae), intermembrane space, michondrial
matrix
, MCAT Cell Biology questions and answers
-semi-autonomous - have their own DNA and can replicate through binary fision =
cytoplasmic/extranuclear inheritance
**RBCs don't have mitochondria - their only source of energy is from glycolysis
Apoptosis - -programmed cell death
-mitchondria can do apoptosis, as well as lysosomes
Lysosomes - -have hydrolytic enzymes that can degrade substrates
-autolysis
Rough ER - -has ribosomes
-place of protein translation
Smooth ER - -no ribosomes
-important for lipid synthesis, detoxification of drugs/proteins
-transfer proteins from the RER to the Golgi Apparatus
