Craniofacial Exam 2 questions and answers
2024
Direct measurements - videofluoroscopy & nasopharyngoscopy
Indirect measurements - nasometry and aerodynamic instrumentation
Advantage and disadvantage of indirect measurements - Advantage: provide
OBJECTIVE data about the function of the VP mechanism that is comparable
across professionals and centers
Disadvantage: No visualization of structures
The most important tool we have for decision making regarding VP function and
the need for management. - Experienced examiner's ear
The best age for a first speech assessment - First year, preferably by 6 mos
What % of children with cleft palate will require secondary palatal surgery? - 25%
A nasometer measures...... - nasal acoustic energy
,Craniofacial Exam 2 questions and answers
2024
Nasometer scores - 10%-20% normal
20%-30% borderline
30%-40% mild
40%-50% moderate
50% + severe
Interpretation of nasalance scores - CulDeSac=normal
SMALL VP opening= HIGH nasalance score
LARGE VP opening=MODERATE score
Low volume, articulation errors, fistulae can affect scores
Nasogram - A contour display of the individual data points in a sequence as they
are collected in real time during the production of a passage.
videofluoroscopy - Why do we do it?
Provides real time visualization of the VP valve during speech along with
simultaneous audio recording. Useful in the evaluation of VP dysfunction (X-Ray
source).
, Craniofacial Exam 2 questions and answers
2024
What view does it give us? Two-dimensional imaging. Lateral (sagittal) view, AP
view, base view looking up under the chin.
Videonasendoscopy: - Why do we do it?
Minimally invasive endoscopic procedure. Allows direct visual observation and
analysis of the velopharyngeal mechanism during speech. Used to ASSESS THE
RESULTS OF SURGERY for VPI.
What view does it give us?
NASAL SURFACE OF VELUM
Scope is inserted into the nose and then directed back to the pharynx where the
tip "periscopes" down to see the nasopharyngeal structures from above.
Palatoplasty: - Cleft palate repair (done between 9-12 mos.)
Goal = SEPARATE ORAL AND NASAL CAVITIES for the benefit of feeding, middle ear
function, but most of all for speech
Surgical restoration of soft tissue help to approx. maxillary bony segments à bone
remains discontinuous, but covered with mucosa
2024
Direct measurements - videofluoroscopy & nasopharyngoscopy
Indirect measurements - nasometry and aerodynamic instrumentation
Advantage and disadvantage of indirect measurements - Advantage: provide
OBJECTIVE data about the function of the VP mechanism that is comparable
across professionals and centers
Disadvantage: No visualization of structures
The most important tool we have for decision making regarding VP function and
the need for management. - Experienced examiner's ear
The best age for a first speech assessment - First year, preferably by 6 mos
What % of children with cleft palate will require secondary palatal surgery? - 25%
A nasometer measures...... - nasal acoustic energy
,Craniofacial Exam 2 questions and answers
2024
Nasometer scores - 10%-20% normal
20%-30% borderline
30%-40% mild
40%-50% moderate
50% + severe
Interpretation of nasalance scores - CulDeSac=normal
SMALL VP opening= HIGH nasalance score
LARGE VP opening=MODERATE score
Low volume, articulation errors, fistulae can affect scores
Nasogram - A contour display of the individual data points in a sequence as they
are collected in real time during the production of a passage.
videofluoroscopy - Why do we do it?
Provides real time visualization of the VP valve during speech along with
simultaneous audio recording. Useful in the evaluation of VP dysfunction (X-Ray
source).
, Craniofacial Exam 2 questions and answers
2024
What view does it give us? Two-dimensional imaging. Lateral (sagittal) view, AP
view, base view looking up under the chin.
Videonasendoscopy: - Why do we do it?
Minimally invasive endoscopic procedure. Allows direct visual observation and
analysis of the velopharyngeal mechanism during speech. Used to ASSESS THE
RESULTS OF SURGERY for VPI.
What view does it give us?
NASAL SURFACE OF VELUM
Scope is inserted into the nose and then directed back to the pharynx where the
tip "periscopes" down to see the nasopharyngeal structures from above.
Palatoplasty: - Cleft palate repair (done between 9-12 mos.)
Goal = SEPARATE ORAL AND NASAL CAVITIES for the benefit of feeding, middle ear
function, but most of all for speech
Surgical restoration of soft tissue help to approx. maxillary bony segments à bone
remains discontinuous, but covered with mucosa
