ATF Exam With Latest Updated Questions
And Answers 2024
4 gForces gActing gon gan gAircraft g- gcorrect ganswer.Lift, gweight, gthrust, gdrag
Bernoulli's gTheorem g- gcorrect ganswer.P+1/2(roh)V^2= gconstant g
Or
Pressure g+ g1/2 gx gair gdensity gx gvelocity gsquared g= gconstant
Or
Static gpressure g+ gdynamic gpressure g= gconstant
2 gTypes gof gPressure g- gcorrect ganswer.Static gpressure g- gstationary
Dynamic gpressure g- gair gin gmotion
If gone gincreases, gthe gother gdecreases.
Lift g- gcorrect ganswer.If gan gaircraft gaccelerates, git gis gno glonger gat ga gconstant. gWhen
gthere gis gan gincrease gin gvelocity gover gan gaerofoil, gthere gis ga gdecrease gin gpressure gover
gthat gaerofoil g(static). gGenerated gby gair gtravelling gfaster gabove gthe gaerofoil gthan gbelow
git.
Downwash g- gcorrect ganswer.An gincrease gin gpressure gunderneath gthe gaerofoil. gAir
gdeflected gdownwards.
Newton's g3 gLaws g- gcorrect ganswer.Inertia: gobjects gin gmotion gstay gin gmotion, gobjects gat
grest gstay gat grest.
F=ma: gthe gdegree gto gwhich gan gobject gchanges gits gstate gof gmotion gis gproportional gto gthe
gforce gapplied.
F=-F: gevery gaction ghas gan gequal gand gopposite greaction.
Angle gof gAttack g- gcorrect ganswer.Angle gmade gbetween gthe gwing gchord gand gthe grelative
gairflow.
Centre gof gPressure g- gcorrect ganswer.If gwe gconsider gall gdistributed gpressure gto gbe
gequivalent gto ga gsingle gforce, gthis gforce gwill gact gthrough ga gstraight gline. gWhere gthis gline
gcuts gthe gchord gof gan gaerofoil gis gthe gcentre gof gpressure.
CP gMovement g- gcorrect ganswer.As gAOA gincreases, gthe gpoint gof gthe glowest gCP gmoves
gforward. gThis gincreases gthe gadverse gpressure ggradient gand garea gof gsurface gfriction.
, gThis gcauses gthe gair gto gbecome gslightly gturbulent. gAs gthe gwing gpasses gthe gstall gangle
g(17) gCP gmoves grearward grapidly.
Loss gof gLift g- gcorrect ganswer.As gAOA gincreases, gthe gpoint gof gthe glowest gCP gmoves
gforward. gAs gthe gwind gpasses gthe gstall gangle, gCP grapidly gmoves grearward. gThe gwing
gdrops gat gstall gbecause gCP gmoves gahead gof gCG, glift gon gtop gis glost, gresulting gin gmore
gweight gin gfront gof gthe gaerodynamic gcentre.
Relative gAirflow g- gcorrect ganswer.Always gparallel gwith gand gopposite gto gthe gflight gpath gof
gthe gA/C. gThe gflight gpath gangle gand gthe gangle gof gthe gwing g(AOA) gmay gnot gbe gthe gsame.
Angle gof gIncidence g- gcorrect ganswer.Fixed gangle gbetween gthe gwing gchord gand gthe
glongitudinal gaxis gof gthe gaircraft.
Drag g- gcorrect ganswer.Force gwhich gopposes gthe gforward gmotion gof gthe gaircraft. gInduced
gdrag gand gparasite gdrag.
Induced gDrag g- gcorrect ganswer.By-product gof glist. gAs gthe gpressure gdifferential
gincreases, gthe gstronger gthe gvortex ggenerated. gAt gthe gstrength gof gthe gvortex gincreases,
gmore ginduced gdrag gis gproduced.
Parasite gDrag g- gcorrect ganswer.Made gup gof gall gthe gother gdrag. gInterference gdrag, gprofile
gdrag, gform gdrag, gand gskin gfriction.
Pressure gDrag g- gcorrect ganswer.Results gfrom gthe gpressure gdifferential gbetween gthe gfire
gand gaft gsides gof gan gA/C g(produces ga gwake).
Interference gDrag g- gcorrect ganswer.Pressure gdrag gcreated gby gthe gintersection gbetween
gthe gtwo gparts gof gan gaircraft g(wing gstrut).
Form/Profile gDrag g- gcorrect ganswer.Pressure gdrag gcreated gby gan gobject gthat gis
gintroduced gto ga gfluid gflow gi.e. gthe gshape g(ailerons).
Viscosity g- gcorrect ganswer.The gstickiness gof ga gfluid g(air gmolecules).
Skin gFriction g- gcorrect ganswer.The gdrag gcreated gby gthe gtendency gof ga gfluid gto gstick gor
gcling gto ga gsurface gof gan gobject gin gfluid gflow g(frost).
Boundary gLayer g- gcorrect ganswer.The garea gbetween gthe gsurface gof gthe gwing gwhere gthe
gvelocity gof gthe gair gis gzero, gup gto ga gpoint gwhere gthe gvelocity gof gthe gair greaches gthat gof
gthe gfree gairstream g(laminar gtransition gand gturbulent gair).
Spanwise gFlow g- gcorrect ganswer.Air gflows gfrom ghigh gpressure gto glow gpressure, gthis
gcreates ga gspiral gflow gof gair gat gthe gwingtips. gWingtip gvortices.
And Answers 2024
4 gForces gActing gon gan gAircraft g- gcorrect ganswer.Lift, gweight, gthrust, gdrag
Bernoulli's gTheorem g- gcorrect ganswer.P+1/2(roh)V^2= gconstant g
Or
Pressure g+ g1/2 gx gair gdensity gx gvelocity gsquared g= gconstant
Or
Static gpressure g+ gdynamic gpressure g= gconstant
2 gTypes gof gPressure g- gcorrect ganswer.Static gpressure g- gstationary
Dynamic gpressure g- gair gin gmotion
If gone gincreases, gthe gother gdecreases.
Lift g- gcorrect ganswer.If gan gaircraft gaccelerates, git gis gno glonger gat ga gconstant. gWhen
gthere gis gan gincrease gin gvelocity gover gan gaerofoil, gthere gis ga gdecrease gin gpressure gover
gthat gaerofoil g(static). gGenerated gby gair gtravelling gfaster gabove gthe gaerofoil gthan gbelow
git.
Downwash g- gcorrect ganswer.An gincrease gin gpressure gunderneath gthe gaerofoil. gAir
gdeflected gdownwards.
Newton's g3 gLaws g- gcorrect ganswer.Inertia: gobjects gin gmotion gstay gin gmotion, gobjects gat
grest gstay gat grest.
F=ma: gthe gdegree gto gwhich gan gobject gchanges gits gstate gof gmotion gis gproportional gto gthe
gforce gapplied.
F=-F: gevery gaction ghas gan gequal gand gopposite greaction.
Angle gof gAttack g- gcorrect ganswer.Angle gmade gbetween gthe gwing gchord gand gthe grelative
gairflow.
Centre gof gPressure g- gcorrect ganswer.If gwe gconsider gall gdistributed gpressure gto gbe
gequivalent gto ga gsingle gforce, gthis gforce gwill gact gthrough ga gstraight gline. gWhere gthis gline
gcuts gthe gchord gof gan gaerofoil gis gthe gcentre gof gpressure.
CP gMovement g- gcorrect ganswer.As gAOA gincreases, gthe gpoint gof gthe glowest gCP gmoves
gforward. gThis gincreases gthe gadverse gpressure ggradient gand garea gof gsurface gfriction.
, gThis gcauses gthe gair gto gbecome gslightly gturbulent. gAs gthe gwing gpasses gthe gstall gangle
g(17) gCP gmoves grearward grapidly.
Loss gof gLift g- gcorrect ganswer.As gAOA gincreases, gthe gpoint gof gthe glowest gCP gmoves
gforward. gAs gthe gwind gpasses gthe gstall gangle, gCP grapidly gmoves grearward. gThe gwing
gdrops gat gstall gbecause gCP gmoves gahead gof gCG, glift gon gtop gis glost, gresulting gin gmore
gweight gin gfront gof gthe gaerodynamic gcentre.
Relative gAirflow g- gcorrect ganswer.Always gparallel gwith gand gopposite gto gthe gflight gpath gof
gthe gA/C. gThe gflight gpath gangle gand gthe gangle gof gthe gwing g(AOA) gmay gnot gbe gthe gsame.
Angle gof gIncidence g- gcorrect ganswer.Fixed gangle gbetween gthe gwing gchord gand gthe
glongitudinal gaxis gof gthe gaircraft.
Drag g- gcorrect ganswer.Force gwhich gopposes gthe gforward gmotion gof gthe gaircraft. gInduced
gdrag gand gparasite gdrag.
Induced gDrag g- gcorrect ganswer.By-product gof glist. gAs gthe gpressure gdifferential
gincreases, gthe gstronger gthe gvortex ggenerated. gAt gthe gstrength gof gthe gvortex gincreases,
gmore ginduced gdrag gis gproduced.
Parasite gDrag g- gcorrect ganswer.Made gup gof gall gthe gother gdrag. gInterference gdrag, gprofile
gdrag, gform gdrag, gand gskin gfriction.
Pressure gDrag g- gcorrect ganswer.Results gfrom gthe gpressure gdifferential gbetween gthe gfire
gand gaft gsides gof gan gA/C g(produces ga gwake).
Interference gDrag g- gcorrect ganswer.Pressure gdrag gcreated gby gthe gintersection gbetween
gthe gtwo gparts gof gan gaircraft g(wing gstrut).
Form/Profile gDrag g- gcorrect ganswer.Pressure gdrag gcreated gby gan gobject gthat gis
gintroduced gto ga gfluid gflow gi.e. gthe gshape g(ailerons).
Viscosity g- gcorrect ganswer.The gstickiness gof ga gfluid g(air gmolecules).
Skin gFriction g- gcorrect ganswer.The gdrag gcreated gby gthe gtendency gof ga gfluid gto gstick gor
gcling gto ga gsurface gof gan gobject gin gfluid gflow g(frost).
Boundary gLayer g- gcorrect ganswer.The garea gbetween gthe gsurface gof gthe gwing gwhere gthe
gvelocity gof gthe gair gis gzero, gup gto ga gpoint gwhere gthe gvelocity gof gthe gair greaches gthat gof
gthe gfree gairstream g(laminar gtransition gand gturbulent gair).
Spanwise gFlow g- gcorrect ganswer.Air gflows gfrom ghigh gpressure gto glow gpressure, gthis
gcreates ga gspiral gflow gof gair gat gthe gwingtips. gWingtip gvortices.
