BISC 261 Lecture 7 | Questions & Answers (100 %Score) Latest Updated 2024/2025
Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | 100% Pass
For catabolism, what 3 things do we look at? - ✔️✔️* Carbon: where does the organism get its carbon?
* Energy: Where does the organism get its energy?
* Electrons: Where do you get the electrons from?
What are the 2 types of carbon sources? - ✔️✔️* Autotrophs: CO2 sole or principal biosynthetic carbon
source
* Heterotrophs: reduced, performed, organic molecules from other organisms
What are the 3 types of energy sources? - ✔️✔️* Phototrophs: light (photosynthesis)
* Chemotrophs: oxidation of organic or inorganic compounds (respiration)
* Chemolithotroph: inorganic molecules
What are the 2 types of electron sources? - ✔️✔️* Lithotrophs (rock eating): Reduced inorganic molecules
* Organotrophs: organic molecules
What is the order for naming a microorganism? - ✔️✔️* Energy source first, then electron source, then
carbon source
Photolithoautotroph (primary producer) - ✔️✔️* Carbon: CO2
* Energy: Light
* Electrons: inorganic e donor
* Ex: purple & green sulfur bacteria, cyanobacteria, diatoms
Chemolithoautotrophs (primary producers in a lot of environments like hydrothermal vents) - ✔️✔️*
Carbon: CO2
* Energy: Inorganic chemicals
* Electrons: inorganic e donor
, Ex: sulfur oxidizing bacteria, hydrogen oxidizing bacteria, methanogens, nitrifying bacteria, iron-oxidizing
bacteria
Chemoorganoheterotroph - ✔️✔️* Carbon: organic carbon
* Energy: organic chemicals like carbon
* Electrons: organic e donor like carbon
* Ex: Most non photosynthetic microbes, including pathogens, fungi, & many protists
What are all pathogens? - ✔️✔️* CHEMOORGANOHETEROTROPHS
* they do fermentation in the human body
What are two ways to generate energy for Chemoorganoheterotrophs? - ✔️✔️* respiration &
fermentation
What is respiration? - ✔️✔️* Use organic molecules as their source of energy & electrons
* Take electrons from the organic molecules & move them through an ETC
- Can be used as starting points for biosynthesis
What is fermentation? - ✔️✔️* anaerobic process, NO ETC
* making ATP in cytoplasm w/ substrate level phosphorylation
* Does not occur photolithoautotroph & chemolithoautotrophs
* Use an organic energy & electron source, adding phosphate groups, adding ADP to make ATP
What is glycolosis? - ✔️✔️* fermentation
* Takes place in the cytoplasm for bacteria & eukaryotes
* You have to invest energy to make this process happen
- Put in ATP & get back 4 ATP for an overall yield of 2 ATP
* Breaking D-Glucose down into forms of carbon
* Making soluble electron carriers to go into the ETC (NADH)
Comprehensive Questions A+ Graded Answers | 100% Pass
For catabolism, what 3 things do we look at? - ✔️✔️* Carbon: where does the organism get its carbon?
* Energy: Where does the organism get its energy?
* Electrons: Where do you get the electrons from?
What are the 2 types of carbon sources? - ✔️✔️* Autotrophs: CO2 sole or principal biosynthetic carbon
source
* Heterotrophs: reduced, performed, organic molecules from other organisms
What are the 3 types of energy sources? - ✔️✔️* Phototrophs: light (photosynthesis)
* Chemotrophs: oxidation of organic or inorganic compounds (respiration)
* Chemolithotroph: inorganic molecules
What are the 2 types of electron sources? - ✔️✔️* Lithotrophs (rock eating): Reduced inorganic molecules
* Organotrophs: organic molecules
What is the order for naming a microorganism? - ✔️✔️* Energy source first, then electron source, then
carbon source
Photolithoautotroph (primary producer) - ✔️✔️* Carbon: CO2
* Energy: Light
* Electrons: inorganic e donor
* Ex: purple & green sulfur bacteria, cyanobacteria, diatoms
Chemolithoautotrophs (primary producers in a lot of environments like hydrothermal vents) - ✔️✔️*
Carbon: CO2
* Energy: Inorganic chemicals
* Electrons: inorganic e donor
, Ex: sulfur oxidizing bacteria, hydrogen oxidizing bacteria, methanogens, nitrifying bacteria, iron-oxidizing
bacteria
Chemoorganoheterotroph - ✔️✔️* Carbon: organic carbon
* Energy: organic chemicals like carbon
* Electrons: organic e donor like carbon
* Ex: Most non photosynthetic microbes, including pathogens, fungi, & many protists
What are all pathogens? - ✔️✔️* CHEMOORGANOHETEROTROPHS
* they do fermentation in the human body
What are two ways to generate energy for Chemoorganoheterotrophs? - ✔️✔️* respiration &
fermentation
What is respiration? - ✔️✔️* Use organic molecules as their source of energy & electrons
* Take electrons from the organic molecules & move them through an ETC
- Can be used as starting points for biosynthesis
What is fermentation? - ✔️✔️* anaerobic process, NO ETC
* making ATP in cytoplasm w/ substrate level phosphorylation
* Does not occur photolithoautotroph & chemolithoautotrophs
* Use an organic energy & electron source, adding phosphate groups, adding ADP to make ATP
What is glycolosis? - ✔️✔️* fermentation
* Takes place in the cytoplasm for bacteria & eukaryotes
* You have to invest energy to make this process happen
- Put in ATP & get back 4 ATP for an overall yield of 2 ATP
* Breaking D-Glucose down into forms of carbon
* Making soluble electron carriers to go into the ETC (NADH)
