SFL 334 Exam 2 || All Correct.
All memories start as what? correct answers sensory stimuli- see a person, hear a song *No age differences with sensory stimuli
Sensory Memory correct answers last 10 seconds, age differences is attention and speed of processing
Attention defined correct answers mechanism we use to process stimuli, focus on what to process and determine how far to process it. It determines what gets passed along. (all types of attention decline with age)
4 types of attention correct answers 1. selective attention
2. Attentional capacity
3. divided Attention
4. Vigilance
Selective Attention defined correct answers declines, the ability to choose what stimuli to focus on (decreases because of decreases of flitering process)
Atttentional capacity defined correct answers how much info can be processed at one time
Divided Attention correct answers focus on more than one thing at a time, multitasking
Vigilance (type of attention) correct answers declines, ability to sustain our attention over a period of time
Encoding correct answers getting info into the memory system (slows with age)
Storage correct answers way that info is kept in long term memory (no change with age)
REtrieval correct answers getting info back out of memory (slows with age)
Which of the following is more likely to have declines with age: working memory, recognition memory, storage, sensory memory correct answers working memory
What is true regarding how encoding is related to learning new information as we age? correct answers older adults struggle with using encoding strategies spontaneously
Cognitive reserve examples (3) correct answers 1. exercise
2. multilinguism
3. using semantic memory to support episodic memory
NOT memory medication
Which would decline the most with age: automatic processing or effortful processing correct answers effortful True or false primary mental abilities decline with age correct answers true
the range of functioning within an individual and the conditions under which a person's abilities can be modified within a specific age range correct answers plasticity
knowledge acquired through experience sometimes called "intelligence as cultural knowledge" is
what? correct answers crystallized intelligence (pragmatics)
Which of the following types of intelligence remains stable and increases in later life? correct answers crystallized intelligence (pragmatics)
Specific ways technology is being used to help elderly (3) correct answers 1. apps for caregivers to monitor wondering
2. mapping apps using voice directions
3. pain management
NOT singing feature on an ipod for the memory impaired
Cognitive slow down in older age (3) correct answers 1. Reaction Time
a. decision time (biggest decrease in decision time)
b. motor time (time for body to respond)
Reasons for cognitive slow down correct answers sensory loss, decline in hearing and vision
ways to reduce cognitive slowdown (3) correct answers 1. practice (speed of processing training)
2. experience
3. exercise
Older Adults and Driving correct answers elders struggle with attention not so much visual struggle
speed of processing correct answers measures the speed at which one can rapidly process visual stimuli, often times doesn't decline
UFOV (useful field of view) correct answers area from which one can extract visual information in a single glance without turning one's head or moving one's eyes, declines with age
Neural Networks theory (theories of cognitive slowdown) correct answers thinking involves making connections among neurons, death of some neurons creates detours, more connections, and increased time
Information Loss Theory (theory of cognitive slowdown) correct answers info lost along neural networks, like telephone game, loss of info increases with age working memory correct answers declines significantly with age, actively holding and using info
to solve a problem, make a decision, or learn new info (remembering a phone number without being able to write it down)
rehearsal correct answers process that info is held in working memory, repeating items over and over or making meaningful connections
strategy correct answers anything people do to make the task easier and increase the efficiency of
encoding retrieval
Implicit Memory correct answers unconscious memory, you don't have to think about it (brushing your teeth)
Explicit Memory correct answers deliberately trying to remember something, (remembering a list) declines with age
Which type of memory implicit or explict are older adults better at? correct answers implicit
Reall correct answers remembering info without cues and hints (declines with age)
Recognition correct answers selecting info from a list of several items (no change with age)
Semantic Memory correct answers remembering words or concepts that aren't realted to events or times (cross word puzzle), increases with age until 65 when it declines
Episodic Memory correct answers has to do with teh conscious recollection of info form a specific event or point in time (decline in recall tests, but not recognition)
Autobiographical Memory correct answers remembering info and events from our own life (decline in some areas and no change in others) memories form younger adulthood stay better than later life)
Prospective Memory correct answers remembering something in the future (what you are supposed to do today, no change with age
Flashbulb memories correct answers traumatic events memories (older adults have fewer flashbulb memories)
Source Memory correct answers ability to remember if a memory was imagined or actually experienced (declines with age)
False Memory correct answers remembering events that didn't actually occur (more susceptible to during old age= declines)
Discourse MEmory correct answers remembering content form newspapers, magazines, tv shows
(declines in unfamiliar material, but recognizable material no decline)
All memories start as what? correct answers sensory stimuli- see a person, hear a song *No age differences with sensory stimuli
Sensory Memory correct answers last 10 seconds, age differences is attention and speed of processing
Attention defined correct answers mechanism we use to process stimuli, focus on what to process and determine how far to process it. It determines what gets passed along. (all types of attention decline with age)
4 types of attention correct answers 1. selective attention
2. Attentional capacity
3. divided Attention
4. Vigilance
Selective Attention defined correct answers declines, the ability to choose what stimuli to focus on (decreases because of decreases of flitering process)
Atttentional capacity defined correct answers how much info can be processed at one time
Divided Attention correct answers focus on more than one thing at a time, multitasking
Vigilance (type of attention) correct answers declines, ability to sustain our attention over a period of time
Encoding correct answers getting info into the memory system (slows with age)
Storage correct answers way that info is kept in long term memory (no change with age)
REtrieval correct answers getting info back out of memory (slows with age)
Which of the following is more likely to have declines with age: working memory, recognition memory, storage, sensory memory correct answers working memory
What is true regarding how encoding is related to learning new information as we age? correct answers older adults struggle with using encoding strategies spontaneously
Cognitive reserve examples (3) correct answers 1. exercise
2. multilinguism
3. using semantic memory to support episodic memory
NOT memory medication
Which would decline the most with age: automatic processing or effortful processing correct answers effortful True or false primary mental abilities decline with age correct answers true
the range of functioning within an individual and the conditions under which a person's abilities can be modified within a specific age range correct answers plasticity
knowledge acquired through experience sometimes called "intelligence as cultural knowledge" is
what? correct answers crystallized intelligence (pragmatics)
Which of the following types of intelligence remains stable and increases in later life? correct answers crystallized intelligence (pragmatics)
Specific ways technology is being used to help elderly (3) correct answers 1. apps for caregivers to monitor wondering
2. mapping apps using voice directions
3. pain management
NOT singing feature on an ipod for the memory impaired
Cognitive slow down in older age (3) correct answers 1. Reaction Time
a. decision time (biggest decrease in decision time)
b. motor time (time for body to respond)
Reasons for cognitive slow down correct answers sensory loss, decline in hearing and vision
ways to reduce cognitive slowdown (3) correct answers 1. practice (speed of processing training)
2. experience
3. exercise
Older Adults and Driving correct answers elders struggle with attention not so much visual struggle
speed of processing correct answers measures the speed at which one can rapidly process visual stimuli, often times doesn't decline
UFOV (useful field of view) correct answers area from which one can extract visual information in a single glance without turning one's head or moving one's eyes, declines with age
Neural Networks theory (theories of cognitive slowdown) correct answers thinking involves making connections among neurons, death of some neurons creates detours, more connections, and increased time
Information Loss Theory (theory of cognitive slowdown) correct answers info lost along neural networks, like telephone game, loss of info increases with age working memory correct answers declines significantly with age, actively holding and using info
to solve a problem, make a decision, or learn new info (remembering a phone number without being able to write it down)
rehearsal correct answers process that info is held in working memory, repeating items over and over or making meaningful connections
strategy correct answers anything people do to make the task easier and increase the efficiency of
encoding retrieval
Implicit Memory correct answers unconscious memory, you don't have to think about it (brushing your teeth)
Explicit Memory correct answers deliberately trying to remember something, (remembering a list) declines with age
Which type of memory implicit or explict are older adults better at? correct answers implicit
Reall correct answers remembering info without cues and hints (declines with age)
Recognition correct answers selecting info from a list of several items (no change with age)
Semantic Memory correct answers remembering words or concepts that aren't realted to events or times (cross word puzzle), increases with age until 65 when it declines
Episodic Memory correct answers has to do with teh conscious recollection of info form a specific event or point in time (decline in recall tests, but not recognition)
Autobiographical Memory correct answers remembering info and events from our own life (decline in some areas and no change in others) memories form younger adulthood stay better than later life)
Prospective Memory correct answers remembering something in the future (what you are supposed to do today, no change with age
Flashbulb memories correct answers traumatic events memories (older adults have fewer flashbulb memories)
Source Memory correct answers ability to remember if a memory was imagined or actually experienced (declines with age)
False Memory correct answers remembering events that didn't actually occur (more susceptible to during old age= declines)
Discourse MEmory correct answers remembering content form newspapers, magazines, tv shows
(declines in unfamiliar material, but recognizable material no decline)
