ABI 103 CHAPTER 13 SHORT NOTES WITH QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS!!
How do organisms coordinate their activites? Answers :Complex biochemical signaling systems
What is the purpose of pancreatic islet hormones? Answers :Fuel metabolism
What is the purpose of epinephrine and norepinephrine? Answers :Prepare for action
What is the purpose of steroid hormones? Answers :Various metabolic and sexual processes
What is the purpose of growth hormones? Answers :Contribute to the growth of muscles, bones and cartilage
What do adrenal glands consist off? What do they do? Answers :Medulla=core; extension of sympathetic nervous system
Cortex=outer layer; typical glandular system
Where are the adrenal glands? Answers :On top of the kidneys
What does the adrenal medulla synthesize? Answers :norepinephrine epinephrine
(both active catecholamines)
Where are norepinephrine/epinephrine synthesized from? Stored? Controlled by? Answers :Tyrosine
Granules
Sympathetic nervous system
What is the difference between norepinephrine and epinephrine? Answers :Nore- has H connected to end amide
Epo-has methyl connected to end amide
What are nore and epi mediated by? Answers :membrane receptors (adrenoreceptors)
alpha/beta-adrenergic receptor
What type of proteins are adrenoreceptors? Answers :Transmembrane glycoproteins
Where do adrenergic receptors occur? Answers :Separate tissues in mammals
Have varying responses
How do adrenergic receptors respond compared to catecholamines? Answers :Differently; often contrary
What do Beta-adrenergic receptors do? Answers :Stimulate glycogenolysis + gluconeogenesis in liver (more glucoses)
relax smooth muscle in bronchi
Increase heart action
What do alpha-adrenergic receptors typically do? Answers :Stimulate smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels
Supply peripheral organs relaxation
Even though adrenergic receptors have diverse functions, overall what do both work towards? Answers :Mobilizing/shunting energy to where they are needed to help the body prep for action
If alpha/beta adrenergic receptors respond to the same stimulus, will the same response occur? Answers :No, can be opposite
What is propranolol used for? Answers :Treating high blood pressure
Protecting against heart attacks
(they are beta blockers)
What can epi be used for?
AND CORRECT ANSWERS!!
How do organisms coordinate their activites? Answers :Complex biochemical signaling systems
What is the purpose of pancreatic islet hormones? Answers :Fuel metabolism
What is the purpose of epinephrine and norepinephrine? Answers :Prepare for action
What is the purpose of steroid hormones? Answers :Various metabolic and sexual processes
What is the purpose of growth hormones? Answers :Contribute to the growth of muscles, bones and cartilage
What do adrenal glands consist off? What do they do? Answers :Medulla=core; extension of sympathetic nervous system
Cortex=outer layer; typical glandular system
Where are the adrenal glands? Answers :On top of the kidneys
What does the adrenal medulla synthesize? Answers :norepinephrine epinephrine
(both active catecholamines)
Where are norepinephrine/epinephrine synthesized from? Stored? Controlled by? Answers :Tyrosine
Granules
Sympathetic nervous system
What is the difference between norepinephrine and epinephrine? Answers :Nore- has H connected to end amide
Epo-has methyl connected to end amide
What are nore and epi mediated by? Answers :membrane receptors (adrenoreceptors)
alpha/beta-adrenergic receptor
What type of proteins are adrenoreceptors? Answers :Transmembrane glycoproteins
Where do adrenergic receptors occur? Answers :Separate tissues in mammals
Have varying responses
How do adrenergic receptors respond compared to catecholamines? Answers :Differently; often contrary
What do Beta-adrenergic receptors do? Answers :Stimulate glycogenolysis + gluconeogenesis in liver (more glucoses)
relax smooth muscle in bronchi
Increase heart action
What do alpha-adrenergic receptors typically do? Answers :Stimulate smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels
Supply peripheral organs relaxation
Even though adrenergic receptors have diverse functions, overall what do both work towards? Answers :Mobilizing/shunting energy to where they are needed to help the body prep for action
If alpha/beta adrenergic receptors respond to the same stimulus, will the same response occur? Answers :No, can be opposite
What is propranolol used for? Answers :Treating high blood pressure
Protecting against heart attacks
(they are beta blockers)
What can epi be used for?
