ABI 103 CHAPTER 9 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT!!
What are the 3 biological functions of lipids? Answers :Essential for membranes
energy storage
cellular signaling
Are lipids polymeric? Answers :No, but can form aggregates
What is the structure of TAGs? Answers :Non polar
Have a glycerol and 3 FA
Draw a TAG Answers :
What is the most abundant class of lipids? Answers :TAGs
What is the function of TAGs? Answers :Energy reservoir in animals
How many different FAs can TAGs contain? Answers :up to 3 How are TAGS named? Answers :based on where they FA is placed on a glycerol
What is the difference between fats and oils? Answers :Fats=solid at room temp
Oil=liquid at room temp
What is the difference between plant oils and animal fats? Answers :Plants have more unsat FAs so lower mp
Fats are highly effective at what? Answers :Storing metabolic energy
What are adipocytes? Answers :Cells for TAGs synthesis and storage
Often filled almost entirely filled with fat globules
Where is adipose tissue most abundant? Answers :Subcutaneous layer and in the abdominal cavity
In what situations will humans use fat as a source of energy? Answers :In cases of emergency
In starving conditions, how long can humans typically survive with the amount of fat they store? Answers :2 or 3 months
Why do we need to rely on fat in cases of starvation? Answers :Glycogen stores only last for less than a day
What other functional role can fat play? Answers :Fat in the subcutaneous layer=thermal insulation
especially important for warm blooded aq animals
What are phosphoglycerides/glyerophospholipids? Answers :Lipid components of biological membrane
What is the strucutre of phosphoglycerides (PGs)? Answers :Glycerol-3-phosphate
position 1 and 2 are FA
Phosphoryl group is linked to polar group
What is the polarity of PGs? Answers :Amphiphilic
non-polar tails
polar heads
What are the simplest PGs and where are they found? Answers :Phosphatidic acid (phosphoryl group just has H)
Small amount in biological membranes What is the common structure of PGs? Answers :Head group usually derived from polar alcohols
C1-sat C16 or C18 FA
C2-unsat C16-C20 FA
How do we determine the structure of PGs (and TAGs)? Answers :Hydrolysis using phospholipases
What are Lysophospholipids? Answers :Basically PGs without FA on C2
Powerful detergents
Disrupt cell membrane aka cell lysis
What lipase leads to the formation of lysophospholipids? Answers :Phospholipase A2
What is a rich source of phospholipase A2? Answers :Bee and snake venoms
What other purpose can the products of membrane hydrolysis be used for besides degradation? Answers :Intra and extracellular signal molecules
What are examples of signal molecules? Answers :LPA
CORRECT!!
What are the 3 biological functions of lipids? Answers :Essential for membranes
energy storage
cellular signaling
Are lipids polymeric? Answers :No, but can form aggregates
What is the structure of TAGs? Answers :Non polar
Have a glycerol and 3 FA
Draw a TAG Answers :
What is the most abundant class of lipids? Answers :TAGs
What is the function of TAGs? Answers :Energy reservoir in animals
How many different FAs can TAGs contain? Answers :up to 3 How are TAGS named? Answers :based on where they FA is placed on a glycerol
What is the difference between fats and oils? Answers :Fats=solid at room temp
Oil=liquid at room temp
What is the difference between plant oils and animal fats? Answers :Plants have more unsat FAs so lower mp
Fats are highly effective at what? Answers :Storing metabolic energy
What are adipocytes? Answers :Cells for TAGs synthesis and storage
Often filled almost entirely filled with fat globules
Where is adipose tissue most abundant? Answers :Subcutaneous layer and in the abdominal cavity
In what situations will humans use fat as a source of energy? Answers :In cases of emergency
In starving conditions, how long can humans typically survive with the amount of fat they store? Answers :2 or 3 months
Why do we need to rely on fat in cases of starvation? Answers :Glycogen stores only last for less than a day
What other functional role can fat play? Answers :Fat in the subcutaneous layer=thermal insulation
especially important for warm blooded aq animals
What are phosphoglycerides/glyerophospholipids? Answers :Lipid components of biological membrane
What is the strucutre of phosphoglycerides (PGs)? Answers :Glycerol-3-phosphate
position 1 and 2 are FA
Phosphoryl group is linked to polar group
What is the polarity of PGs? Answers :Amphiphilic
non-polar tails
polar heads
What are the simplest PGs and where are they found? Answers :Phosphatidic acid (phosphoryl group just has H)
Small amount in biological membranes What is the common structure of PGs? Answers :Head group usually derived from polar alcohols
C1-sat C16 or C18 FA
C2-unsat C16-C20 FA
How do we determine the structure of PGs (and TAGs)? Answers :Hydrolysis using phospholipases
What are Lysophospholipids? Answers :Basically PGs without FA on C2
Powerful detergents
Disrupt cell membrane aka cell lysis
What lipase leads to the formation of lysophospholipids? Answers :Phospholipase A2
What is a rich source of phospholipase A2? Answers :Bee and snake venoms
What other purpose can the products of membrane hydrolysis be used for besides degradation? Answers :Intra and extracellular signal molecules
What are examples of signal molecules? Answers :LPA
