WGU C963 - Objective Assessment Superset UPDATED

1. Major contributors to social contract theory ANSWER Hobbes, Locke, Reasseau 2. Social Contract Theory ANSWER We need food, clothing and shelter to survive and nothing should interfere with our ability to obtain them. We may also choose to believe in a god. The belief gives definition to our existance. Therefore it is important we define ourselves as individuals. 3. Enlightenment Influence on Constitution ANSWER Bill of Rights and the Second Amendment, Ninth Amendment 4. Bill of Rights (Enlightenment) ANSWER The first eight Bill of Rights 5. Declaration of Independence (Enlightenment) ANSWER people have rights of life, liber- ty, and the pursuit of happiness 6. Articles of Confederation weaknesses ANSWER No executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade 7. Articles of Confederation – Strengths ANSWER Provided direction for the Revolution, the ability to conduct diplomacy with Europe, and deal with territorial issues and Native American relations. 8. New Jersey Plan ANSWER The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state's population. 9. Virginia Plan ANSWER Proposal to create a strong national government 10. Constitutional Convention ANSWER A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a new constitution 11. Three-Fifths compromise ANSWER Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes (negated by the 13th amendment). Bicameral congress. 12. Checks and Balances ANSWER A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power 13. Separation of Powers ANSWER Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the execu- tive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law 14. Federalists ANSWER A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures. 15. Anti-Federalists ANSWER Opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating its adoption. 16. Ratifying the Constitution ANSWER Article VII, 9 out of 13 states had to agree, it was ratified at state conventions 17. Federalist #10 (factions) ANSWER Elites can never take over rule of the government due to too many factions. 18. Federalist #51 (Madison) ANSWER Separation of powers, checks and balances 19. Separations of Powers ANSWER The division of the federal government into three branches each with its own powers 20. Government Branches ANSWER Three sections of the US government legislative, ex- ecutive, and judicial. Each branch has powers that restrict the other branches powers. 21. How are laws made and enforced using the separation of powers ANSWER Congress originates laws Judicial branch reviews laws for constitutionality Executive branch enforces laws 22. system of checks and balances ANSWER Constitutional system in which each branch of government places limits on the power of other branches 23. Several checks the judicial branch has on the legislative and executive branches ANSWER Executive Can overturn actions of the president with judicial review if the actions violate the Constitution Serve during good behavior to maintain independence of judiciary Legislative Can overturn acts of Congress as unconstitutional if they violate the law Can influence laws by interpretation Serve during good behavior to maintain independence of judiciary 24. Several checks the legislative branch has on the judicial and executive branches ANSWER Judicial Senate must approve judges and justices Controls jurisdiction of the courts Determines size of Supreme Court House can impeach judges and Senate can remove them by two-thirds vote Executive Can override a presidential veto by a two-thirds vote in both chambers Must approve treaties by a two-thirds vote in the Senate Control of funding activities of the executive branch Presidential nominees must be approved by the Senate Only Congress can declare war House can impeach the president or vice president and the Senate can remove them by a two-thirds vote 25. Several checks the executive branch has on the legislative and judicial branches ANSWER Legislative Can veto legislation Can use executive agreements Can use executive orders Negotiates treaties (not Congress) Judicial Nominates judges