AP CSP 9 Weeks Exam Study Questions And Correct Detailed Answers.

Innovation - correct answer A new or improved idea, device, product, etc, or the development thereof Binary - correct answer A way of representing information using only two options. Bit - correct answer A contraction of "Binary Digit"; the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1 Bandwidth - correct answer Transmission capacity measure by bit rate Bit rate - correct answer (sometimes written bitrate) the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. e.g. 8 bits/sec. Latency - correct answer Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver. Protocol - correct answer A set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices. Abstraction - correct answer a simplified representation of something more complex. Abstractions allow you to hide details to help you manage complexity, focus on relevant concepts, and reason about problems at a higher level. ASCII - correct answer American Standard Code for Information Interchange; the universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand IETF - correct answer Internet Engineering Task Force - develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards and protocols, in particular the standards that comprise the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP). Internet - correct answer A group of computers and servers that are connected to each other. Net Neutrality - correct answer the principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers. IP Address - correct answer A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet. Packets - correct answer Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information. Network Redundancy - correct answer having multiple backups to ensure reliability during cases of high usage or failure Router - correct answer A type of computer that forwards data across a network TCP - correct answer Transmission Control Protocol - provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. TCP is tightly linked with IP and usually seen as TCP/IP in writing. DNS - correct answer short for Domain Name System, this system translates domain names (like ) to IP addresses (like 93.184.216.34) HTTP - correct answer HyperText Transfer Protocol - the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet URL - correct answer An easy-to-remember address for calling a web page (like ). Heuristic - correct answer a problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible. Lossless Compression - correct answer a data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data. Lossy Compression - correct answer (or irreversible compression) a data compression method that uses inexact approximations, discarding some data to represent the content. Most commonly seen in image formats like .jpg. Image - correct answer A type of data used for graphics or pictures. metadata - correct answer is data that describes other data. For example, a digital image may include metadata that describe the size of the image, number of colors, or resolution. Pixel - correct answer short for "picture element", the fundamental unit of a digital image, typically a tiny square or dot that contains a single point of color of a larger image. Hexadecimal - correct answer A base-16 number system that uses sixteen distinct symbols 0-9 and A-F to represent numbers from 0 to 15. RGB - correct answer the RGB color model uses varying intensities of (R)ed, (G)reen, and (B)lue light are added together in to reproduce a broad array of colors. Algorithm - correct answer A list of steps to finish a task. High Level Programming Language - correct answer A programming language with many commands and features designed to make common tasks easier to program. Any high level functionality is encapsulated as combinations of low level commands. Low Level Programming Language - correct answer A programming language that captures only the most primitive operations available to a machine. Anything that a computer can do can be represented with combinations of low level commands. Iterate - correct answer To repeat in order to achieve, or get closer to, a desired goal. Selection - correct answer A generic term for a type of programming statement (usually an if-statement) that uses a Boolean condition to determine, or select, whether or not to run a certain block of statements. Sequencing - correct answer Putting commands in correct order so computers can read the commands. Pair Programming - correct answer A method of programming in which two programmers write code using a single computer. One programmer in the "driver" role uses the mouse and keyboard to actually write the code while a second acts as a "navigator", keeping track of the big picture, catching errors, and making suggestions. Programmers switch roles frequently and communicate throughout the process. Turtle Programming - correct answer a classic method for learning programming with commands to control movement and drawing of an on-screen robot called a "turtle". The turtle hearkens back to early implementations in which children programmed a physical robot whose dome-like shape was reminiscent of a turtle. Abstraction - correct answer a simplified representation of something more complex. Abstractions allow you to hide details to help you manage complexity, focus on relevant concepts, and reason about problems at a higher level. Function - correct answer A named bit of programming instructions. Top Down Design - correct answer a problem solving approach (also known as stepwise design) in which you break down a system to gain insight into the sub-systems that make it up. API - correct answer a collection of commands made available to a programmer Documentation - correct answer a description of the behavior of a command, function, library, API, etc. Library - correct answer a collection of commands / functions, typically with a shared purpose Parameter - correct answer An extra piece of information passed to a function to customize it for a specific need