Critical Care 420 Final Exam Questions And Answers 2024Critical Care 420 Final Exam Questions And Answers 2024Critical Care 420 Final Exam Questions And Answers 2024

CRITICAL CARE 420 FINAL EXAM QUESTIO NS AND ANSWERS 2024 What are the two types of ventilation controls? Volume controlled and Pressure controlled What is volume control? Which type of pati ents would benefit from this vent setting? Volume control: there's a pre -set tidal volume that's constant for every breath Indication: pts who are breathing spontaneously with weak respiratory muscles (ex. pneumonia) What is pressure control? Which type of patients would benefit from this vent setting? Pressure control: there are pre -set inspiratory and expiratory pressures Indication: patients with decreased lung compliance or increased airway resistance (ex: ARDS pts with stiff lungs) What is assist control (AC) ventilation? How does it work? When would we set this mode for a patient? AC is a mode of ventilation where we are giving the most support to the patient - it can be volume or pressure ventilated - Mode that the patient goes on when initially intubated In AC ventilation: if a patient initiates a breath, we can ____________. assist!! (the patient can always breat he over but we will always provide the minimum) In AC ventilation: we can completely control each breath with a guaranteed __________. Tidal volume! (AC can be pressure or volume controlled) What is a sign that the patient is over breathing and isn't s ynchronizing with the ventilator in AC? What can the nurse do to control this? Sign: high CO2 levels and increased RR Treatment: increase sedation What are complications of volume controlled AC and pressure controlled AC that the nurse should monitor for? - VC-AC: volutrauma - PC-AC: hypercapnia What is Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV)? How does it work? When would we set this mode for a patient? SIMV is a mode of ventilation where the patient has more control. - there's a preset rate of volume and pressure for ventilator generated breaths - typically a weaning mode for the patient Why is SIMV beneficial for the patient as a weaning mode? It allows for the patient to get practice breathing for their own (allows for the patient to breathe spontaneously with own rate and volume) How are the ventilator initiated breathes synchronized in SIMV? The ventilator breathes are synchro nized to the patient's respiratory efforts What is Pressure Support (PS) ventilation? How does it work? When would we set this mode for a patient? Pressure support is a mode where there's a preset positive pressure to support the patient's inspiratory ef forts to overcome "dead space". - Patient controls rate, breath, and volume - can be used a weaning mode (by itself) or added to AC What is CPAP ventilation? How does it work? When would we set this mode for a patient? CPAP support is a spontaneous breat hing mode that gives minimal support to the patients - It helps to keep the airway open at the end of expiration (holds alveoli open) - This is used for a patient right before extubation CPAP ventilation is a lot of effort and work the patient. It's usually done __________ and then the patient is extubated ____________. overnight; the following day What is PEEP? How does it work? PEEP - Positive End Expiratory Pressure is pressure applie d to the airway the end of expiration to hold the alveoli open. Which patients do we increase PEEP for? for patients who we are concerned about having collapsed alveoli Why can higher PEEP be concerning for ventilated patients? Higher PEEPs can increas e intrathoracic pressures which increases pressures on the circulatory system, mimicking an obstructive shock (decreased CO, BP, and venous return)