APHY 102: Anatomy and Physiology Study Questions: Endocrine System Questions With Solutions 100% Correct

APHY 102: Anatomy and Physiology Study Questions: Endocrine System Questions With Solutions 100% Correct List the steps of the action of most non steroid hormones 1. Combines with receptor site on membrane, activating G protein 2. Adenylate cyclase is activated by G protein in target cell 3. Adenylate cyclase converts ATP to Cyclic AMP 4. Cyclic AMP activates protein kinases 5. Protein kinases activate protein substrates in the cell that change metabolic processes 6. Cellular changes produces the hormones effects Cyclic AMP Secondary chemical messenger that directs the synthesis of protein by ribosomes Adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cAMP cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate APHY 102: Anatomy and Physiology Study Questions: Endocrine System Questions With Solutions 100% Correct Contrast the definitions of endocrine gland and exocrine gland Endocrine. is ductless, Exocrine. has ducts; Endocrine. secretes to the blood stream, Exocrine. secretes directly to target organ Explain the specificity of a hormone for its target cell A hormone's target cells have specific receptors that other cells lack, made of proteins or glycoproteins with binding sites for a specific receptor List six general functions of hormones 1. Help regulate metabolic processes 2. Control the rates of certain chemical reactions 3. Aid in transporting substances through membranes 4. Help regulate water balance 5. Help regulate electrolyte balance 6. Help regulate blood pressure 7. Play roles in reproduction, development, and growth APHY 102: Anatomy and Physiology Study Questions: Endocrine System Questions With Solutions 100% Correct Explain how hormones can be grouped on the basis of their chemical composition They can be either steroids or steroid -like, or nonsteroids which include amines, peptides, proteins, or glycoproteins List the steps of steroid hormone action 1. Diffuses through plasma membrane 2. Combines with protein receptors in the nucleus 3. Interacts with receptor complex activates/inhibits a gene 4. Influences the transcription of DNA 5. New proteins or enzymes carry out the effects of hormone Explain how prostaglandins are similar to hormones and how they are different 1. Paracrine substances 2. Very potent in small amounts 3. not stored in cells, but synthesizes just before release 4. rapidly inactivated after use 5. can activate/inhibit adenylate cyclase -control cAMP production