MCAT Biochemistry Latest Updated 2024 With Complete Solutions

MCAT Biochemistry Latest Updated 2024 With Complete Solutions what kind of acids are amino acids? - weak polyprotic acids - amphoteric - acidic pH: fully protonated - basic pH: fully protonated - neutral pH: zwitterion Explain a peptide bond formation - condensation (dehydration rxn) - nucleophilic amino group attacks electrophilic carbonyl group. - peptide bonds broken by hydrolysis structural proteins - collagen, elastin, keratin, actin, tubulin motor proteins - capable of force generation though a confomational change, includes myosin, kinesin, dynein. binding proteins - bind a specific substrate, either to sequester it in the body or hold its concentration at steady state cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) - bind cells to other cells or surfaces. - cadherins, integrins, selectins enzyme-linked receptors - participate in cell signaling through extracellular ligand binding and initiation of second messenger cascades G protein-coupled receptors - have a membrane-bound protein associated with a trimeric G protein. Initiate second messenger systems ligases - join two large biomolecules isomerases - catalyze the interconversion of isomers, including constitutional and stereoisomers lyases - catalyze cleavage without the addition of water and without the transfer of electrons. Reverse reaction is synthesis and usually more biologically important. hydrolases - catalyze cleavage with the addition of water oxidoreductases - catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions that involve the transfer of electrons