PSYCH 1XX3 FINAL EXAM complete review Questions And Answers

Evolution - ANS The unifying theory of the biological sciences - including psychology Adaptations - ANS The functional traits that help an individual to survive and reproduce in its habitat -perform a specific function to make an organism better suited for its environment What did the Evolution of the Human eye allow for humans to do better? - ANS the human eye enables you to recognize and respond effectively to things around you by detecting and analyzing reflecting light What did the Evolution of a Racoons allow for them to do better? - ANS Racoons are primarily nocturnal and while they do have good night vision - their front paws have adapted to become so sensitive that they often don't require vision to discriminate food items from non food items in the dark What did the Evolution of a Bats echolocation system allow for them to do better? - ANS -adaptation that enables them to navigate their environment at night, -echolocation system allows for bats to discriminate easily BTWN a falling leaf and a moth fluttering in the night Which higher mental processes are adaptive functions of mental activity? - ANS -higher mental processes that serve adaptive functions of mental activity -evolved together through natural selection -tasks the mind needs to do its job 3 processes: - selective attention, -memory encoding, - memory retrieval What are cognitive psychologists also referred to as being - ANS Cognitive psychologists are also adaptationists, because they find it helpful to breakdown large scale cognitive processes into adaptive problems or tasks and then to look for the adaptations that solve those problems Who is responsible for the theory of Natural Selection? - ANS Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace What is Natural Selection? 3 components of natural selection? - ANS Natural Selection is the differential survival and reproduction of organisms as a result of the heritable differences between them 1)Individual Differences (Variation) - within any population, there is variation among individuals for any characteristic 2)Differential Reproduction - these differences affect individuals chances of surviving and reproducing some individuals will have more offspring than others 3)Heritability - traits that give rise to differential reproduction have genetic basis, meaning that are heritable, the offspring of successful reproducers will resemble their parents with respect to these variable characteristics What are the 4 basic mechanisms of Evolution? - ANS 1) Natural Selection 2) Mutation 3) Genetic Drift 4) Migration What happens to characteristics that help an individual reproduce? - ANS Characteristics that help an individual survive and reproduce are selectively transmitted to consecutive generations summary of NS and example, of heritable traits, that is used in the web Module? - ANS -characteristics that help an individual survive and reproduce are selectively transmitted to consequtive generations ex. Imagine a group of red and blue fish, blue fish are camouflaged in the blue ocean water and the red fish are much more visible to predators and so the red fish get eaten more often and the blue fish are able to survive and reproduce more often than the red fish & B/C body colour is a heritable trait blue fish have blue fish children and this is because the specific characteristics that are best adapted for survival and reproduction are going to be produced at higher rates" stabilizing selection? - ANS Selection against any sort of departure from he species typical adaptive design, this type of selection keeps traits stable over generations What happens to genetic selection during significant environmental changes? ex. Darwin's finches -observable vs long evolutionary change? - ANS -significant environmental change can cause selection to favour atypical traits