Bio 242 Midterm Questions and Answers

Parasite Answer An organism that feeds on a living host Pasteur Answer disproved spontaneous generation How did Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation? Answer 1. Disproved that heating destroys life-generating substances; he heated a substance, showed nothing grew with a cork stuck in, but when cork was removed, microorganisms grew 2. Showed that spontaneous generation doesn't occur even with oxygen; in 2 flasks with oxygens that were identical, the one in which microbes go in had microbes; the other one with a swan neck, so that dust settled at the bottom of the curve, didn't have microbes growing inside the flask 3. He proved that spontaneous generation doesn't occur, but organisms were found in air Major groups of microorganisms Answer Bacteria, Algae, Protozoa, Helminths, Fungi, Viruses: noncellular, parasitic, protein-coated genetic elements Viruses Answer noncellular, parasitic, protein-coated genetic elements that cause harm to host cells Antonie van Leeuwenhoek () Answer - "father of microbiology" - made a crude microscope to examine threads in fabric - made drawings of what he called "animalcules" in rainwater and scraped from his teeth Louis Pasteur () Answer - invented pasteurization - showed that human diseases could arise from infection What are cell (plasma) membranes made of? Answer phospholipids and proteins mRNA Answer - copy of a gene - transport the DNA master to the ribosom