ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: ESSENTIALS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE
2ND EDITION BY NANCY TKACS PHD, LINDA HERRMANN, TEST BANK |2024-2025|NEWEST
EDITION
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL PRACTICE ................................................... 2
CHAPTER 2. CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FOUNDATIONS .................................................................. 8
CHAPTER 3. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND GENETIC DISEASES............................................. 15
CHAPTER 4. CELL PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY .................................................................... 21
CHAPTER 5. INFECTIOUS DISEASE ......................................................................................................... 24
CHAPTER 6. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION ........................................................ 30
CHAPTER 7. NEOPLASIA ........................................................................................................................ 37
CHAPTER 8. BLOOD AND CLOTTING ..................................................................................................... 43
CHAPTER 9. CIRCULATION .................................................................................................................... 49
CHAPTER 10. HEART .............................................................................................................................. 55
CHAPTER 11. LUNGS ............................................................................................................................. 61
CHAPTER 12. KIDNEYS ........................................................................................................................... 68
CHAPTER 13. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ............................................................................................. 74
CHAPTER 14. LIVER................................................................................................................................ 80
CHAPTER 15. NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................................................................................................... 86
CHAPTER 16. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM........................................................................................... 92
CHAPTER 17. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ....................................................................................................... 98
CHAPTER 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL PRACTICE
1. THE CHARACTERISTIC, LOCALIZED CARDINAL SIGNS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION INCLUDE:
A) FEVER.
B) FATIGUE.
C) REDNESS.
D) GRANULOMA.
2. THE VASCULAR, HEMODYNAMIC STAGE OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION IS INITIATED BY
MOMENTARY VASOCONSTRICTION FOLLOWED BY VASODILATION THAT CAUSES LOCALIZED:
A) BLEEDING.
,B) CONGESTION.
C) PALE SKIN.
D) COOLNESS.
3. THE CELLULAR STAGE OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION IS MARKED BY THE MOVEMENT OF
LEUKOCYTES INTO THE AREA. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CELLS ARRIVES EARLY IN GREAT
NUMBERS?
A) BASOPHILS
B) LYMPHOCYTES
C) NEUTROPHILS
D) PLATELETS
4. THE PHAGOCYTOSIS PROCESS INVOLVES THREE DISTINCT STEPS. WHAT IS THE INITIAL STEP
IN THE PROCESS?
A) ENGULFMENT
B) INTRACELLULAR KILLING
C) ANTIGEN MARGINATION
D) RECOGNITION AND ADHERENCE
5. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION CAUSES INCREASED CAPILLARY
PERMEABILITY AND PAIN?
A) SEROTONIN
B) HISTAMINE
C) BRADYKININ
D) NITRIC OXIDE
6. INFLAMMATORY EXUDATES ARE A COMBINATION OF SEVERAL TYPES. WHICH OF THE
FOLLOWING EXUDATES IS COMPOSED OF ENMESHED NECROTIC CELLS?
A) SEROUS
B) FIBRINOUS
C) SUPPURATIVE
D) MEMBRANOUS
, 7. THE ACUTE-PHASE SYSTEMIC RESPONSE USUALLY BEGINS WITHIN HOURS OF THE ONSET OF
INFLAMMATION AND INCLUDES:
A) FEVER AND LETHARGY.
B) DECREASED C-REACTIVE PROTEIN.
C) POSITIVE NITROGEN BALANCE.
D) LOW ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE.
8. IN CONTRAST TO ACUTE INFLAMMATION, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IS CHARACTERIZED BY
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PHENOMENA?
A) PROFUSE FIBRINOUS EXUDATION
B) A SHIFT TO THE LEFT OF GRANULOCYTES
C) METABOLIC AND RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
D) LYMPHOCYTOSIS AND ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES
9. EXOGENOUS PYROGENS (INTERLEUKIN-1) AND THE PRESENCE OF BACTERIA IN THE BLOOD
LEAD TO THE RELEASE OF ENDOGENOUS PYROGENS THAT:
A) STABILIZE THERMAL CONTROL IN THE BRAIN.
B) PRODUCE LEUKOCYTOSIS AND ANOREXIA.
C) BLOCK VIRAL REPLICATION IN CELLS.
D) INHIBIT PROSTAGLANDIN RELEASE.
10 AN OLDER ADULT PATIENT HAS JUST SHEARED THE SKIN ON HER ELBOW WHILE ATTEMPTED
. TO BOOST HERSELF UP IN BED, AN EVENT THAT HAS PRECIPITATED ACUTE INFLAMMATION
IN THE REGION SURROUNDING THE WOUND. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING EVENTS WILL OCCUR
DURING THE VASCULAR STAGE OF THE PATIENTS INFLAMMATION?
A) OUTPOURING OF EXUDATE INTO INTERSTITIAL SPACES
B) CHEMOTAXIS
C) ACCUMULATION OF LEUKOCYTES ALONG THE EPITHELIUM
D) PHAGOCYTOSIS OF CELLULAR DEBRIS
11 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUALS MOST LIKELY HAS THE HIGHEST RISK OF
. EXPERIENCING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION?
2ND EDITION BY NANCY TKACS PHD, LINDA HERRMANN, TEST BANK |2024-2025|NEWEST
EDITION
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL PRACTICE ................................................... 2
CHAPTER 2. CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FOUNDATIONS .................................................................. 8
CHAPTER 3. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND GENETIC DISEASES............................................. 15
CHAPTER 4. CELL PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY .................................................................... 21
CHAPTER 5. INFECTIOUS DISEASE ......................................................................................................... 24
CHAPTER 6. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION ........................................................ 30
CHAPTER 7. NEOPLASIA ........................................................................................................................ 37
CHAPTER 8. BLOOD AND CLOTTING ..................................................................................................... 43
CHAPTER 9. CIRCULATION .................................................................................................................... 49
CHAPTER 10. HEART .............................................................................................................................. 55
CHAPTER 11. LUNGS ............................................................................................................................. 61
CHAPTER 12. KIDNEYS ........................................................................................................................... 68
CHAPTER 13. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ............................................................................................. 74
CHAPTER 14. LIVER................................................................................................................................ 80
CHAPTER 15. NERVOUS SYSTEM ........................................................................................................... 86
CHAPTER 16. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM........................................................................................... 92
CHAPTER 17. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ....................................................................................................... 98
CHAPTER 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL PRACTICE
1. THE CHARACTERISTIC, LOCALIZED CARDINAL SIGNS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION INCLUDE:
A) FEVER.
B) FATIGUE.
C) REDNESS.
D) GRANULOMA.
2. THE VASCULAR, HEMODYNAMIC STAGE OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION IS INITIATED BY
MOMENTARY VASOCONSTRICTION FOLLOWED BY VASODILATION THAT CAUSES LOCALIZED:
A) BLEEDING.
,B) CONGESTION.
C) PALE SKIN.
D) COOLNESS.
3. THE CELLULAR STAGE OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION IS MARKED BY THE MOVEMENT OF
LEUKOCYTES INTO THE AREA. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CELLS ARRIVES EARLY IN GREAT
NUMBERS?
A) BASOPHILS
B) LYMPHOCYTES
C) NEUTROPHILS
D) PLATELETS
4. THE PHAGOCYTOSIS PROCESS INVOLVES THREE DISTINCT STEPS. WHAT IS THE INITIAL STEP
IN THE PROCESS?
A) ENGULFMENT
B) INTRACELLULAR KILLING
C) ANTIGEN MARGINATION
D) RECOGNITION AND ADHERENCE
5. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION CAUSES INCREASED CAPILLARY
PERMEABILITY AND PAIN?
A) SEROTONIN
B) HISTAMINE
C) BRADYKININ
D) NITRIC OXIDE
6. INFLAMMATORY EXUDATES ARE A COMBINATION OF SEVERAL TYPES. WHICH OF THE
FOLLOWING EXUDATES IS COMPOSED OF ENMESHED NECROTIC CELLS?
A) SEROUS
B) FIBRINOUS
C) SUPPURATIVE
D) MEMBRANOUS
, 7. THE ACUTE-PHASE SYSTEMIC RESPONSE USUALLY BEGINS WITHIN HOURS OF THE ONSET OF
INFLAMMATION AND INCLUDES:
A) FEVER AND LETHARGY.
B) DECREASED C-REACTIVE PROTEIN.
C) POSITIVE NITROGEN BALANCE.
D) LOW ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE.
8. IN CONTRAST TO ACUTE INFLAMMATION, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IS CHARACTERIZED BY
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PHENOMENA?
A) PROFUSE FIBRINOUS EXUDATION
B) A SHIFT TO THE LEFT OF GRANULOCYTES
C) METABOLIC AND RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
D) LYMPHOCYTOSIS AND ACTIVATED MACROPHAGES
9. EXOGENOUS PYROGENS (INTERLEUKIN-1) AND THE PRESENCE OF BACTERIA IN THE BLOOD
LEAD TO THE RELEASE OF ENDOGENOUS PYROGENS THAT:
A) STABILIZE THERMAL CONTROL IN THE BRAIN.
B) PRODUCE LEUKOCYTOSIS AND ANOREXIA.
C) BLOCK VIRAL REPLICATION IN CELLS.
D) INHIBIT PROSTAGLANDIN RELEASE.
10 AN OLDER ADULT PATIENT HAS JUST SHEARED THE SKIN ON HER ELBOW WHILE ATTEMPTED
. TO BOOST HERSELF UP IN BED, AN EVENT THAT HAS PRECIPITATED ACUTE INFLAMMATION
IN THE REGION SURROUNDING THE WOUND. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING EVENTS WILL OCCUR
DURING THE VASCULAR STAGE OF THE PATIENTS INFLAMMATION?
A) OUTPOURING OF EXUDATE INTO INTERSTITIAL SPACES
B) CHEMOTAXIS
C) ACCUMULATION OF LEUKOCYTES ALONG THE EPITHELIUM
D) PHAGOCYTOSIS OF CELLULAR DEBRIS
11 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUALS MOST LIKELY HAS THE HIGHEST RISK OF
. EXPERIENCING CHRONIC INFLAMMATION?
