Exam (elaborations) MCB3020

__________________ are hollow tube-like structures that hold some archaeal daughter cells together after cell division while____________ are grappling hook-like structures that appear to attach archaeal cells to surfaces. - ANSCannulae;hami ___You are studying a newly discovered prokaryotic microorganism and are attempting to determine whether it will be classified in the domain Bacteria or in the domain Archaea. All of the following would be helpful in making that distinction except - ANSPresence or absence of double-stranded circular DNA genome *A(n) _______________ increases the rate of a reaction without being permanently altered by the reaction. - ANScatalyst A purine or pyrimidine that is attached to a sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, is called a _______. - ANSnucleoside A series of enzymatic steps that fixes carbon dioxide into carbohydrate is called the ______. - ANSCalvin-Benson cycle All of the following are reasons why some scientists believe that the term "prokaryote" is a somewhat artificial designation and should be discarded except - ANSSome bacteria have 80S ribosomes. All the following are methods of prion disease transmission EXCEPT - ANSInhalation (airborne) Aminoglycoside antibiotics - ANSbind to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Amphipathic organic molecules that serve as disinfectants by disrupting membranes and denaturing proteins are called - ANSdetergents. An agent that specifically kills fungi but not other kinds of microorganisms is also known as a - ANSFungicidal Agent Antiseptic surgery was pioneered by - ANSLister Archaeal and Bacterial pili are identical in structure and function. - ANSFalse As the difference in reduction potential between a redox pair increases, the amount of free energy made available _______________. - ANSincreases Bacterial peptidoglycan is not a good target for antibiotics because it is present in human cells as well, leading to host damage. - ANSFalse Catalytic proteins are known as ___________ whereas catalytic RNA molecules are known as ____________. - ANSenzymes; ribozymes Chloroplasts are the site for both the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis. - ANSTrue Consider a biochemical pathway with five steps that lead to the production of product Q. If there is an abundance of product Q, the most efficient way to slow down the entire pathway would be to regulate _____________________. - ANSthe first enzyme in the pathway Enzymes catalyze a reaction by - ANSdecreasing the activation energy of the reaction. gamma radiation - ANSis used to sterilize some food products Gram staining divides bacterial species into two groups based on differences in cell wall structure. - ANSTrue In aerobic conditions, it takes __________ sugar to produce the same amount of ATP when compared to anaerobic conditions. - ANSless In bacterial and archaeal cells, the electron transport chain is located in the _________ whereas in eukaryotic cells, the electron transport chain is located in the ____________. - ANSplasma membrane; inner mitochondrial membrane