UA BSC 108 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE WELL EXPLAINED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 100% CORRECT VERIFIED BY EXPERTS AND GRADED A+ LATEST UPDATE 2024[ALREADY PASSED]

UA BSC 108 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE WELL EXPLAINED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALE 100% CORRECT VERIFIED BY EXPERTS AND GRADED A+ LATEST UPDATE 2024[ALREADY PASSED] What environmental factor is C4 photosynthesis an adaptation for? High levels of CO2 and drought environments Contrast carbon fixation in C4 and CAM plants. C4 plants initially attach CO2toPEP to form the four-carbon compound OAA using the enzyme PEP carboxylase. This takes place in the loosely packed cells called mesophyll cells. OAA is then pumped to another set of cells, the bundle sheath cells, which surround the leaf vein. There, it releases the CO2for use by Rubisco. By concentrating CO2in the bundle sheath cells, C4plants promote the efficient operation of the Calvin-Benson cycle and minimize photorespiration. CAM plants also initially attach CO2to PEP and form OAA. However, instead of fixing carbon during the day and pumping the OAA to other cells, CAM plants fix carbon at night and store the OAA in large vacuoles within the cell. This allows them to have their stomates open in the cool of the evening, avoiding water loss, and to use the CO2 for the Calvin-Benson cycle during the day, when it can be driven by the sun's energy. 1. How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction? Asexual Reproduction involves one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent. Sexual Reproduction involves two parents and produces offspring that are genetically unique. 2. What are the two main phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle? "a. Interphase b. Mitotic phase" 3. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA duplicate? interphase- chromosome duplication 4. What is the function of mitosis? in mitosis the nucleus and its contents, most importantly, the divided chromosomes, divide and are evenly distributed, forming two daughter, nuclei 5. Summarize the events of Prophase: "a. During prophase, changes occur in both nucleus and cytoplasm. In the nucleus, the chromatin fibers coil, so that the chromosomes become thick enough to be seen individually with a light microscope. Each chromosome exists as two identical sister chromatids joined together at the narrow "waist" of the centromere. In the cytoplasm, the mitotic spindle begins to form. Late in prophase, the nuclear envelope breaks into pieces. The spindle tracks attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes and move the chromosomes toward the center of the cell. c. Anaphase: Anaphase begins suddenly when the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate. Each is now considered a full-fledged (daughter) chromosome. The chromosomes move toward opposite poles of the cell as the spindle tracks shorten. Simultaneously, the tracks not attached to chromosomes lengthen, pushing the poles farther apart and elonging the cell d. Telophase: telophase begins when the two groups of chromosomes have reached opposite ends of the cell. Telophase is the reverse of prophase: Nuclear envelopes form, the chromosomes uncoil, and the spindle disappears. Mitosis, the division of on