Nursing 230 Exam 2 Questions And Answers Graded A+

ARDS - damage to alveoli capillary membranes which leads to increase permeability to pulmonary capillaries atelectasis - collapsed and decreased alveoli which prevents gas exchange barrel chest - ribs are horizontal instead of normal downwards slope associated with normal aging, chronic emphysema, and asthma decreased tactile fremitus - occurs when anything obstructs transmission of vibrations, any barrier that gets in the way of sound emphysema - destruction of pulmonary connective tissue, increase in air sacs and rupture of interalveolar walls increased tactile fremitus - occurs with conditions that increase the density of lung tissue, thereby making it better conduction medium for vibrations. there must be patent bronchus, and consolidation must extend to lung service kyphosis - exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine that causes significant back pain and limited mobility pectus carinatum - forward pertusion of the sternum, with ribs sloping back at either side and vertical depressions along costochondral junctions pectus excavatum - a markedly sunken sternum and adjacent cartilages from 2nd intercostal space to Xiphoid process. most noticeable on inspirationpleural friction fremitus - produced when inflammation of the parietal or visceral pleura causes a decrease in the normal lubricating fluid. the opposing surfaces make a coarse grading sound when rubbed together during breathing Pneumonia (Lobar) - infection in lung parenchyma -- porous alveolar membranes Pneumonia (Pneumonocytis Carinii) - Vurulent form from protozoa rhonchial fremitus - vibration felt when inhaled air passes through thick secretions in the larger bronchi -- may decrease with coughing scoliosis - a lateral S shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine. usually involved with vertebrae rotation (more common in female) 45 degrees can reduce lung volume