NR 325 - FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2024/2025 | RATED A+

NR 325 - FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2024/2025 | RATED A+ **Question: What are the recommended breast cancer screening guidelines?** Answer: - Regular screening mammography should begin at age 45 years. - Women aged 45 to 54 years should have annual screening. - Women 55 years and older can transition to biennial screening or continue annually as preferred. - Screening should continue as long as overall health is good and life expectancy is 10 years or longer. **Question: How should a breast self-examination (BSE) be performed?** Answer: - Lie down with one arm behind the head. - Use the finger pads of three middle fingers to feel for lumps in overlapping dime-sized circular motions. - Apply three different levels of pressure and follow an up-and-down vertical pattern. - Stand in front of a mirror to check breast shape, size, redness/scaliness, and dimpling (skin/nipple). **Question: What is mastitis?** Answer: - Mastitis is inflammation of the breast. - It commonly occurs in up to 10% of postpartum lactating mothers 2-4 weeks after birth. **Question: What are the clinical manifestations of mastitis?** Answer: - Warm to touch. - Indurated (hardened) and painful. - Often affects only one breast. - Most frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection. **Question: When is the best time to perform a breast self-exam (BSE)?** Answer: - It is recommended to perform BSE at the end of the menstrual period when breast tenderness is less likely. **Question: What are the risk factors associated with breast cancer?** Answer: - Early menarche (start of menstrual periods). - Late menopause. - Age at or older than 50 years. - Hormone use, such as estrogen-progestin therapy. - Family history of breast cancer or genetic mutations (BRCA1, BRCA2). - History of other cancers (breast, colon, endometrial, ovarian). - First full-term pregnancy after age 30 or nulliparity (never giving birth). - Benign breast conditions like atypical epithelial hyperplasia. - Weight gain or obesity after menopause. - Exposure to ionizing radiation. - Alcohol consumption. **Question: What are the advantages of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy?** Answer: - FNA can be performed in outpatient settings.