A REFERRAL LETTER / A LETTER OF TRANSFER / A DISCHARGE LETTER /
A LETTER TO ADVISE OR INFORM A PATIENT, CARER OR GROUP / A
LETTER RESPONDING TO A COMPLAINT FORM CONCISE SENTENCES! DO NOT STATE WHAT IS ALREADY OBVIOUS!
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
EVENTS THAT START IN THE PAST AND CONTINUE UNTIL THE PRESENT
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE: HAVE/HAS + V3
DR X HAS TREATED MR. SMITH AT THIS HOSPITAL FOR 3 YEARS.
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE: HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V-ING
DR X HAS BEEN TREATING MR. SMITH FOR 3 YEARS.
PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE: HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V3
MR. SMITH HAS BEEN TREATED FOR 3 YEARS BY DR X.
TIME MARKERS:
USE “THE” AFTER THE MARKERS FOR/SINCE/OVER TO SPECIFY A
PARTICULAR PERIOD OF TIME.
FOR / SINCE / OVER / YET / RECENTLY / UP TO NOW
HAS BEEN ON THIS MEDICATION FOR
HAVE NOT SEEN THE PATIENT FOR
HAS BEEN A PATIENT OF MINE SINCE / HAS BEEN SEEING ME FOR , WHICH HAS BEEN PRESENT FOR MORE THAN …
HAS BEEN IN PAIN FOR
HAS BEEN WAITING FOR
HAS BEEN COMPLAINING OF … SINCE HAS NOT HAD BOWEL MOTIONS SINCE HAS BEEN A SMOKER FOR A PERIOD OF … YEARS / HAS BEEN SMOKING HAS BEEN HAVING PROBLEMS WITH … SINCE …
HAS STOPPED TAKING MEDICATION RECENTLY
HAS SHOWN NO SIGNS OF IMPROVEMENT UP TO NOW
HAS NOT RESPONDED TO THE TREATMENT YET
CHANGE IN CONDITION: THE PATIENT’S CONDITION HAS DETERIORATED OVER THE PAST 3 MONTHS.
THE PATIENT’S PAIN HAS WORSENED OVER THE LAST WEEK.
REPEATED EVENT: THE PATIENT HAS PRESENTED SEVERAL TIMES OVER THE LAST YEAR.
HE HAS TRIED TO QUIT SMOKING SEVEAL TIMES OVE THE PAST …
THE PATIENT HAS EXPERIENCED SEIZURES ON THREE OCCASIONS OVER
THE PAST YEAR. THE PATIENT X HAS PRESENTED TO ME ON SEVERAL OCCASIONS OVER THE PAST FEW MONTHS.
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
TIME MARKERS: UNTIL / WHEN / IN / AGO / YESTERDAY
PAST PERFECT TENSE
TO DESCRIBE EVENTS THAT HAPPENED BEFORE OTHER PAST EVENTS
DO NOT USE IF DESCRIBING A SINGLE EVENT
TIME MARKER OF “PREVIOUS”
SHE HAD NOT BEEN ABLE TO CONCEIVE OVER THE PREVIOUS FOUR MONTHS AND AS A RESULT SHE WAS SUFFERING FROM DEPRESSION.
AT TODAY’S CONSULTATION, THE PATIENT X REPORTED THAT THERE HAD BEEN BLOOD IN THE TOILET BOWL ON TWO OCCASIONS.
THE PATIENT HAD BEEN FEELING UNWELL LAST WEEK AND WAS ADMITTED TO
HOSPITAL FOR OBSERVATION. THE PATIENT X PRESENTED TO ME ON … FOR A REGULAR CHECK-UP BECAUSE
SHE HAD EXPERIENCED SEVERAL EPISODES OF … OVER THE PREVIOUS FEW WEEKS. SHE PRESENTED TO ME YESTERDAY WITH … , WHICH HAD BEEN OCCURRING FOR THE PREVIOUS 24 HOURS.
WHICH HAD BEEN PRESENT FOR THREE WEEKS
WITH A COMPLAINT OF … OF 3 WEEK DURATION
HAD TAKEN … FOR THE PREVIOUS … YEARS BUT STOPPED IN 2005 PASSIVE VERB
TO BE MORE OBJECTIVE AND FOCUS ATTENTION ON WHAT IS MORE
IMPORTANT IN A SENTENCE
THE PATIENT WAS ADVISED TO STOP SMOKING
(TXS) WERE ADVISED TO PREVENT FURTHER COMPLICATIONS SUCH AS …
… CAPSULES NEED TO BE TAKEN TWICE A DAY FOR A DURATION OF …
ASPIRIN IS/IS BEING/WAS/WAS BEING/HAS BEEN/HAD BEEN/WILL BE/SHOULD HAVE BEEN TAKEN DAILY. … WAS PERFORMED AS PER THE DOCTOR’S ORDER, DAILY HOME VISITS WERE ORGANIZED.
ON THE SUBSEQUENT VISIT, THE TX OPTIONS WERE DISCUSSED. … … CONDITION WILL NEED TO BE MONITORED
… WAS PRESCRIBED WHILE … AND … WERE CONTINUED TO BE TAKEN
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
NOUN AND NOUN ARE SHE AND HER FRIENDS ARE
NOUN OR NOUN IS THE BOOK OR THE PEN IS SINGULAR/PLURAL OR/NOR – WHICHEVER CLOSER TO THE VERB
THE BOY OR HIS FRIENDS RUN
HIS FRIENDS OR THE BOY RUNS
DO OR DOES ONE OF THE … IS
THE PEOPLE ARE
SINGULAR:
EACH / EACH ONE / EITHER / NEITHER / ONE / EVERYONE / EVERYBODY /
EVERYTHING / ANYBODY / ANYONE / ANYTHING / NOBODY / NO ONE / NOTHING / SOMEBODY / SOMEONE / SOMETHING / ANOTHER
THE NEWS / CIVICS / MATHEMATICS / FIVE DOLLARS / MEASLES
PLURAL:
SCISSORS / TWEEZERS / TROUSERS / SHEARS
SINGULAR BUT IMPLY MORE THAN ONE PERSON:
THE TEAM / GROUP / COMMITTEE / CLASS / FAMILY IF REGARDED AS A UNIT – SINGULAR
IF REGARDED SEPARATELY - PLURAL
DOES NOT CHANGE THE NUMBER OF THE SUBJECT:
WITH / TOGETHER WITH / INCLUDING / ACCOMPANIED BY / IN ADDITION TO / AS WELL THE PRESIDENT, ACCOMPANIED BY HIS WIFE, IS ALL OF THE BOOK, INCLUDING YOURS, ARE
IN ADDITION TO / AS WELL AS / ALONG WITH X, AS WELL AS Y, HAS …
DEPENDING ON THE CONTEXT:
NONE / ANY / ALL / MORE / MOST / SOME
IN ADDITION TO / AS WELL AS / ALONG WITH OR / NOR / EITHER … OR / NEITHER … OR : SINGULAR
EITHER X OR Y HAS
NEITHER X NOR Y WAS COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS A COMPLAINT
SOME / ANY / A PIECE OF ADVICE COUNTABLE:
USE ARTICLES
REFERRING TO A PARTICULAR JOB: ALWAYS USE ARTICLES “THE”
THE DOCTOR / DENTIST / NURSE / PHYSIOTHERAPIST / PHARMACIST
AN ABSCESS / THREE ABSCESSES
A DULL ACHE / ACHES AND PAINS
FOR A CHECK-UP / REGULAR CHECK-UPS A COMPLAINT / IF YOU HAVE ANY COMPLAINTS
AN EPISODE OF / THREE EPISODES OF AN EXAMINATION IS / BLOOD EXAMINATIONS AN INTERPRETER IS REQUIRED. WITH A LIMP / HAVE LIMPS
A REVIEW WAS SCHEDULED / RECEIVED POSITIVE REVIEWS A TINGLING SENSATION / TINGLING SENSATIONS
PLEASE ORGANISE A VISIT BY A SOCIAL WORKER / REGULAR VISITS ARE I AM WRITING TO REFER X, A 7-YEAR-OLD BOY
THE PATIENT HAS A POLLEN ALLERGY.
A FAMILY HISTORY OF FIRST USE AN INDEFINITE ARTICLE A/AN, THEN START USING THE.
UNCOUNTABLE: NO NEED FOR AN ARTICLE
ADVICE IS REQUESTED.
LIVES IN RENTAL ACCOMMODATION
REQUIRE ASSISTANCE UPON DISCHARGE
REQUIRES URGENT ATTENTION
THE PATIENT’S BEHAVIOR WAS
HAS CANCER
DEEP CARIES WERE
HAS POOR CONCENTRATION
CONFIRMED DAMAGE TO EXPERIENCE DISCOMFORT
SHOULD YOU REQUIRE FURTHER INFORMATION
EXPERIENCE PAIN ON PALPATION
MAKE GOOD PROGRESS
HAS SOFT TISSUE
RESPONSE TO TREATMENT
FURTHER RESEARCH IS REQUIRED.
HAVE SURGERY
A LETTER TO ADVISE OR INFORM A PATIENT, CARER OR GROUP / A
LETTER RESPONDING TO A COMPLAINT FORM CONCISE SENTENCES! DO NOT STATE WHAT IS ALREADY OBVIOUS!
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
EVENTS THAT START IN THE PAST AND CONTINUE UNTIL THE PRESENT
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE: HAVE/HAS + V3
DR X HAS TREATED MR. SMITH AT THIS HOSPITAL FOR 3 YEARS.
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE: HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V-ING
DR X HAS BEEN TREATING MR. SMITH FOR 3 YEARS.
PRESENT PERFECT PASSIVE: HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V3
MR. SMITH HAS BEEN TREATED FOR 3 YEARS BY DR X.
TIME MARKERS:
USE “THE” AFTER THE MARKERS FOR/SINCE/OVER TO SPECIFY A
PARTICULAR PERIOD OF TIME.
FOR / SINCE / OVER / YET / RECENTLY / UP TO NOW
HAS BEEN ON THIS MEDICATION FOR
HAVE NOT SEEN THE PATIENT FOR
HAS BEEN A PATIENT OF MINE SINCE / HAS BEEN SEEING ME FOR , WHICH HAS BEEN PRESENT FOR MORE THAN …
HAS BEEN IN PAIN FOR
HAS BEEN WAITING FOR
HAS BEEN COMPLAINING OF … SINCE HAS NOT HAD BOWEL MOTIONS SINCE HAS BEEN A SMOKER FOR A PERIOD OF … YEARS / HAS BEEN SMOKING HAS BEEN HAVING PROBLEMS WITH … SINCE …
HAS STOPPED TAKING MEDICATION RECENTLY
HAS SHOWN NO SIGNS OF IMPROVEMENT UP TO NOW
HAS NOT RESPONDED TO THE TREATMENT YET
CHANGE IN CONDITION: THE PATIENT’S CONDITION HAS DETERIORATED OVER THE PAST 3 MONTHS.
THE PATIENT’S PAIN HAS WORSENED OVER THE LAST WEEK.
REPEATED EVENT: THE PATIENT HAS PRESENTED SEVERAL TIMES OVER THE LAST YEAR.
HE HAS TRIED TO QUIT SMOKING SEVEAL TIMES OVE THE PAST …
THE PATIENT HAS EXPERIENCED SEIZURES ON THREE OCCASIONS OVER
THE PAST YEAR. THE PATIENT X HAS PRESENTED TO ME ON SEVERAL OCCASIONS OVER THE PAST FEW MONTHS.
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
TIME MARKERS: UNTIL / WHEN / IN / AGO / YESTERDAY
PAST PERFECT TENSE
TO DESCRIBE EVENTS THAT HAPPENED BEFORE OTHER PAST EVENTS
DO NOT USE IF DESCRIBING A SINGLE EVENT
TIME MARKER OF “PREVIOUS”
SHE HAD NOT BEEN ABLE TO CONCEIVE OVER THE PREVIOUS FOUR MONTHS AND AS A RESULT SHE WAS SUFFERING FROM DEPRESSION.
AT TODAY’S CONSULTATION, THE PATIENT X REPORTED THAT THERE HAD BEEN BLOOD IN THE TOILET BOWL ON TWO OCCASIONS.
THE PATIENT HAD BEEN FEELING UNWELL LAST WEEK AND WAS ADMITTED TO
HOSPITAL FOR OBSERVATION. THE PATIENT X PRESENTED TO ME ON … FOR A REGULAR CHECK-UP BECAUSE
SHE HAD EXPERIENCED SEVERAL EPISODES OF … OVER THE PREVIOUS FEW WEEKS. SHE PRESENTED TO ME YESTERDAY WITH … , WHICH HAD BEEN OCCURRING FOR THE PREVIOUS 24 HOURS.
WHICH HAD BEEN PRESENT FOR THREE WEEKS
WITH A COMPLAINT OF … OF 3 WEEK DURATION
HAD TAKEN … FOR THE PREVIOUS … YEARS BUT STOPPED IN 2005 PASSIVE VERB
TO BE MORE OBJECTIVE AND FOCUS ATTENTION ON WHAT IS MORE
IMPORTANT IN A SENTENCE
THE PATIENT WAS ADVISED TO STOP SMOKING
(TXS) WERE ADVISED TO PREVENT FURTHER COMPLICATIONS SUCH AS …
… CAPSULES NEED TO BE TAKEN TWICE A DAY FOR A DURATION OF …
ASPIRIN IS/IS BEING/WAS/WAS BEING/HAS BEEN/HAD BEEN/WILL BE/SHOULD HAVE BEEN TAKEN DAILY. … WAS PERFORMED AS PER THE DOCTOR’S ORDER, DAILY HOME VISITS WERE ORGANIZED.
ON THE SUBSEQUENT VISIT, THE TX OPTIONS WERE DISCUSSED. … … CONDITION WILL NEED TO BE MONITORED
… WAS PRESCRIBED WHILE … AND … WERE CONTINUED TO BE TAKEN
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
NOUN AND NOUN ARE SHE AND HER FRIENDS ARE
NOUN OR NOUN IS THE BOOK OR THE PEN IS SINGULAR/PLURAL OR/NOR – WHICHEVER CLOSER TO THE VERB
THE BOY OR HIS FRIENDS RUN
HIS FRIENDS OR THE BOY RUNS
DO OR DOES ONE OF THE … IS
THE PEOPLE ARE
SINGULAR:
EACH / EACH ONE / EITHER / NEITHER / ONE / EVERYONE / EVERYBODY /
EVERYTHING / ANYBODY / ANYONE / ANYTHING / NOBODY / NO ONE / NOTHING / SOMEBODY / SOMEONE / SOMETHING / ANOTHER
THE NEWS / CIVICS / MATHEMATICS / FIVE DOLLARS / MEASLES
PLURAL:
SCISSORS / TWEEZERS / TROUSERS / SHEARS
SINGULAR BUT IMPLY MORE THAN ONE PERSON:
THE TEAM / GROUP / COMMITTEE / CLASS / FAMILY IF REGARDED AS A UNIT – SINGULAR
IF REGARDED SEPARATELY - PLURAL
DOES NOT CHANGE THE NUMBER OF THE SUBJECT:
WITH / TOGETHER WITH / INCLUDING / ACCOMPANIED BY / IN ADDITION TO / AS WELL THE PRESIDENT, ACCOMPANIED BY HIS WIFE, IS ALL OF THE BOOK, INCLUDING YOURS, ARE
IN ADDITION TO / AS WELL AS / ALONG WITH X, AS WELL AS Y, HAS …
DEPENDING ON THE CONTEXT:
NONE / ANY / ALL / MORE / MOST / SOME
IN ADDITION TO / AS WELL AS / ALONG WITH OR / NOR / EITHER … OR / NEITHER … OR : SINGULAR
EITHER X OR Y HAS
NEITHER X NOR Y WAS COUNTABLE & UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS A COMPLAINT
SOME / ANY / A PIECE OF ADVICE COUNTABLE:
USE ARTICLES
REFERRING TO A PARTICULAR JOB: ALWAYS USE ARTICLES “THE”
THE DOCTOR / DENTIST / NURSE / PHYSIOTHERAPIST / PHARMACIST
AN ABSCESS / THREE ABSCESSES
A DULL ACHE / ACHES AND PAINS
FOR A CHECK-UP / REGULAR CHECK-UPS A COMPLAINT / IF YOU HAVE ANY COMPLAINTS
AN EPISODE OF / THREE EPISODES OF AN EXAMINATION IS / BLOOD EXAMINATIONS AN INTERPRETER IS REQUIRED. WITH A LIMP / HAVE LIMPS
A REVIEW WAS SCHEDULED / RECEIVED POSITIVE REVIEWS A TINGLING SENSATION / TINGLING SENSATIONS
PLEASE ORGANISE A VISIT BY A SOCIAL WORKER / REGULAR VISITS ARE I AM WRITING TO REFER X, A 7-YEAR-OLD BOY
THE PATIENT HAS A POLLEN ALLERGY.
A FAMILY HISTORY OF FIRST USE AN INDEFINITE ARTICLE A/AN, THEN START USING THE.
UNCOUNTABLE: NO NEED FOR AN ARTICLE
ADVICE IS REQUESTED.
LIVES IN RENTAL ACCOMMODATION
REQUIRE ASSISTANCE UPON DISCHARGE
REQUIRES URGENT ATTENTION
THE PATIENT’S BEHAVIOR WAS
HAS CANCER
DEEP CARIES WERE
HAS POOR CONCENTRATION
CONFIRMED DAMAGE TO EXPERIENCE DISCOMFORT
SHOULD YOU REQUIRE FURTHER INFORMATION
EXPERIENCE PAIN ON PALPATION
MAKE GOOD PROGRESS
HAS SOFT TISSUE
RESPONSE TO TREATMENT
FURTHER RESEARCH IS REQUIRED.
HAVE SURGERY
