Spinal Orthoses
ABCs of Radiographic Analysis
What are the ABC'S? - ANS-Alignment
Bone density
cartilage space
soft tissue.
General Skeletal Architecture
- what two things to look for? - ANS-normal number of bones?
normal size?
1 General Contour of Bone
- do the bone or bones have a smooth continuous? - ANS-cortical outline
Yes! - ANS-1. Alignment of bones to adjacent bones?
are there normal joint articulations?
Is there a normal spatial relationship?
1. hand (extra digit)
2. no growth plates showing on radiographs (normal for infant). - ANS-Alignment
What structure is this?
Determine alignment?
adolescent = see growth plates
spaces are normal at this age. - ANS-Alignment
1. Determine alignment
2. View the bones and indicate if they are normal
,1. 1. Soft tissue shade of gray
2. Bone shade of gray
3. Within each bone
4. Between cortical shell and cancellous center?
contrast = shades of grey.
Hand looks good. - ANS-BONE DENSITY:
1. General bone density
- Is there sufficient
contrast between: (4)
2. is this hand okay?
1. Glowing = sclerosis
2. different contrast between bones
poor joint space
3. ulnar drift (RA) - ANS-1. What is the glowing part?
2. 2 things you notice?
3. diagnosis?
1. Normal
2. *Structure that is needed for WB* - ANS-1. Texture
Is there a normal or abnormal trabecular architecture?
2. trabecular structure is needed for?
1. YES - (right = rough = mini fractures)
- cortical shell should be solid/smooth and white while center is a little bit more dark
grey - ANS-Bone Density
1. Local Bone Density
Changes
, - Are there cortical changes?
2. what should the outer cortical shell look like in comparison to the center?
1.
a. Joint space width
- is the joint space well preserved? Normal space?
b. Subchondral bone
- smooth?
c. Epiphyseal plates
- relative to age?
Fully mature and everything looks fine - ANS-Cartilage spaces
1. look for three things?
2. is picture normal?
1.
a. muscle - (normal mass)
b. joint capsule - (can you see it?)
c. periosteum (can you see it?)
d. fat pads (skin translucent)
2.
Swelling = increases fibrotic tissue = shows up white
MCPJ = poor joint space
3. bone breaks = tears periosteum = only reason that bone breaks hurt. - ANS-Soft
tissue:
1. 4 things to look for?
ABCs of Radiographic Analysis
What are the ABC'S? - ANS-Alignment
Bone density
cartilage space
soft tissue.
General Skeletal Architecture
- what two things to look for? - ANS-normal number of bones?
normal size?
1 General Contour of Bone
- do the bone or bones have a smooth continuous? - ANS-cortical outline
Yes! - ANS-1. Alignment of bones to adjacent bones?
are there normal joint articulations?
Is there a normal spatial relationship?
1. hand (extra digit)
2. no growth plates showing on radiographs (normal for infant). - ANS-Alignment
What structure is this?
Determine alignment?
adolescent = see growth plates
spaces are normal at this age. - ANS-Alignment
1. Determine alignment
2. View the bones and indicate if they are normal
,1. 1. Soft tissue shade of gray
2. Bone shade of gray
3. Within each bone
4. Between cortical shell and cancellous center?
contrast = shades of grey.
Hand looks good. - ANS-BONE DENSITY:
1. General bone density
- Is there sufficient
contrast between: (4)
2. is this hand okay?
1. Glowing = sclerosis
2. different contrast between bones
poor joint space
3. ulnar drift (RA) - ANS-1. What is the glowing part?
2. 2 things you notice?
3. diagnosis?
1. Normal
2. *Structure that is needed for WB* - ANS-1. Texture
Is there a normal or abnormal trabecular architecture?
2. trabecular structure is needed for?
1. YES - (right = rough = mini fractures)
- cortical shell should be solid/smooth and white while center is a little bit more dark
grey - ANS-Bone Density
1. Local Bone Density
Changes
, - Are there cortical changes?
2. what should the outer cortical shell look like in comparison to the center?
1.
a. Joint space width
- is the joint space well preserved? Normal space?
b. Subchondral bone
- smooth?
c. Epiphyseal plates
- relative to age?
Fully mature and everything looks fine - ANS-Cartilage spaces
1. look for three things?
2. is picture normal?
1.
a. muscle - (normal mass)
b. joint capsule - (can you see it?)
c. periosteum (can you see it?)
d. fat pads (skin translucent)
2.
Swelling = increases fibrotic tissue = shows up white
MCPJ = poor joint space
3. bone breaks = tears periosteum = only reason that bone breaks hurt. - ANS-Soft
tissue:
1. 4 things to look for?
