Final Exam Respiratory System (BIO 2260) Practice Questions with Correct Answers

Basic structures from nasal cavities through alveoli- upper and lower respiratory tract - upper: nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, larynx - lower: trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs, bronchioles, alveoli How is the respiratory system warmed, humidified, and cleaned of particulate and small dust particles? in the nostrils, the conchae swirl air around to allow the air time to humidify, warm and cleaned before it enters the lungs, and the tiny hairs in the nose called cilia filter out dust and other particles Separation structures between nasal cavity and oral cavity the hard palate at the front and the soft palate at the back What is a nasal septum, and what causes a deviated septum? nasal septum is the thin wall that separates your right and left nasal passages — is displaced to one side, and a deviated septum can be caused by a condition present at birth Where are the olfactory nerve endings located? at the roof of the nasal cavity at the cribriform plate - a perforated portion of the ethmoid bone separating the frontal lobe of the cerebrum from the nasal cavity What are sinus infections, and how are they connected with the respiratory tract? - sinus infections happen when fluid builds up in the air-filled pockets in the face (sinuses), and this fluid buildup allows germs to grow. - sinus infections cause mucus to build up in the sinuses due to inflammation, leading to a range of symptoms like coughing What are the regions of the pharynx? nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx What is the physical structure of the larynx?- 3 cartilages of the larynx? three unpaired cartilages are the epiglottis, thyroid, and cricoid What are the structural differences between the esophagus and the larynx? the esophagus is a muscular tube for food passage while the larynx is hollow tube that allows air to flow through What is bifurcation and how does it apply to air distribution? from the carina, the trachea bifurcates into the left and right bronchi and airflow is split