NSG 5003 Cardiovascular (Ch31-33) fully solved

NSG 5003 Cardiovascular (Ch31-33)What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in atherosclerosis? A) LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation B) LDLs cause regression of atherosclerotic plaques C) LDLs increase levels of inflammatory cytokines D) LDLs direct microphages to the site in the endothelium - correct answer Ans: A- LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation Which inflammatory cytokines are released when endothelial cells are injured? A) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) B) interferon-beta (IFN-β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) C) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin 1 (IL-1) D) interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interleukin 12 (IL-12), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) - correct answer Ans: C- tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin 1 (IL-1) When endothelia cells are injured, which alteration contributes to atherosclerosis? A) toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are released B) cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilation cytokines C) cells produce an increased amount of anti-thrombotic cytokines D) cells develop hypersensitivity to homocysteine and lipids - correct answer Ans: B- cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilation cytokines Which factor is responsible for hypertrophy of the myocardium associated with hypertension? A) increased norepinephrine B) adducin C) angiotensin II