Data Management - Foundations - D426
Module 1
Data - ANS-Numeric, textual, visual, or audio information that describes real-world
systems. Data is collected and processed to aid in a variety of tasks, such as
forecasting weather, analyzing financial investments, and tracking the global spread of
pandemics.
database - ANS-a collection of data in a structured format. In principle, databases can
be stored on paper or even clay tablets. In practice, however, modern databases are
invariably stored on computers. The database structure ensures that similar data is
stored in a standardized manner.
database system/ database management system/ DBMS - ANS-software that reads and
writes data in a database. Database systems ensure data is secure, internally
consistent, and available at all times. These functions are challenging for large
databases with many users, so database systems are complex.
query language - ANS-a specialized programming language, designed specifically for
database systems. Query languages read and write data efficiently, and differ
significantly from general-purpose languages such as Python, Java, and C++.
database application - ANS-software that helps business users interact with database
systems. Many databases are complex, and most users are not familiar with query
languages. Consequently, direct database access is usually not feasible. Instead,
programmers write applications to simplify the user experience and ensure data access
is efficient and secure.
database administrator - ANS-ensures the database is available and secure.
Responsible for securing the database system against unauthorized users. A database
administrator enforces procedures for user access and database system availability
database designer - ANS-establishes the structure of the database and determines the
data to be collected and stored.
, Determines the format of each data element and the overall database structure.
Database designers must balance several priorities, including storage, response time,
and support for rules that govern the data. Since these priorities often conflict, database
design is technically challenging.
database programmer - ANS-uses query languages and programming languages to
develop applications for database users.
Develops computer programs that utilize a database. Database programmers write
applications that combine database query languages and general-purpose
programming languages. Query languages and general-purpose languages have
significant differences, so database programming is a specialized challenge.
database user - ANS-are the primary consumers of database data through applications
or with query languages.
A consumer of data in a database. Database users request, update, or use stored data
to generate reports or information. Database users usually access the database via
applications but can also submit queries directly to the database system.
Performance - ANS-When many users and applications simultaneously access large
databases, query response time degrades rapidly. Database systems maintain fast
response times by structuring data properly on storage media and processing queries
efficiently.
Security - ANS-Database systems ensure authorized users only access permissible
data. Database systems also protect against hackers by encrypting data and restricting
access.
Authorization - ANS-Many database users should have limited access to specific tables,
columns, or rows of a database. Database systems authorize individual users to access
specific data.
Recovery - ANS-Computers, database systems, and individual transactions
occasionally fail. Database systems must recover from failures and restore the
database to a consistent state without loss of data.
Database systems - ANS-Database systems ensure data is consistent with structural
and business rules. Ex: When multiple copies of data are stored in different locations,
Module 1
Data - ANS-Numeric, textual, visual, or audio information that describes real-world
systems. Data is collected and processed to aid in a variety of tasks, such as
forecasting weather, analyzing financial investments, and tracking the global spread of
pandemics.
database - ANS-a collection of data in a structured format. In principle, databases can
be stored on paper or even clay tablets. In practice, however, modern databases are
invariably stored on computers. The database structure ensures that similar data is
stored in a standardized manner.
database system/ database management system/ DBMS - ANS-software that reads and
writes data in a database. Database systems ensure data is secure, internally
consistent, and available at all times. These functions are challenging for large
databases with many users, so database systems are complex.
query language - ANS-a specialized programming language, designed specifically for
database systems. Query languages read and write data efficiently, and differ
significantly from general-purpose languages such as Python, Java, and C++.
database application - ANS-software that helps business users interact with database
systems. Many databases are complex, and most users are not familiar with query
languages. Consequently, direct database access is usually not feasible. Instead,
programmers write applications to simplify the user experience and ensure data access
is efficient and secure.
database administrator - ANS-ensures the database is available and secure.
Responsible for securing the database system against unauthorized users. A database
administrator enforces procedures for user access and database system availability
database designer - ANS-establishes the structure of the database and determines the
data to be collected and stored.
, Determines the format of each data element and the overall database structure.
Database designers must balance several priorities, including storage, response time,
and support for rules that govern the data. Since these priorities often conflict, database
design is technically challenging.
database programmer - ANS-uses query languages and programming languages to
develop applications for database users.
Develops computer programs that utilize a database. Database programmers write
applications that combine database query languages and general-purpose
programming languages. Query languages and general-purpose languages have
significant differences, so database programming is a specialized challenge.
database user - ANS-are the primary consumers of database data through applications
or with query languages.
A consumer of data in a database. Database users request, update, or use stored data
to generate reports or information. Database users usually access the database via
applications but can also submit queries directly to the database system.
Performance - ANS-When many users and applications simultaneously access large
databases, query response time degrades rapidly. Database systems maintain fast
response times by structuring data properly on storage media and processing queries
efficiently.
Security - ANS-Database systems ensure authorized users only access permissible
data. Database systems also protect against hackers by encrypting data and restricting
access.
Authorization - ANS-Many database users should have limited access to specific tables,
columns, or rows of a database. Database systems authorize individual users to access
specific data.
Recovery - ANS-Computers, database systems, and individual transactions
occasionally fail. Database systems must recover from failures and restore the
database to a consistent state without loss of data.
Database systems - ANS-Database systems ensure data is consistent with structural
and business rules. Ex: When multiple copies of data are stored in different locations,
