BIOD 101 FINAL EXAM Questions and answers latest 2024

BIOD 101 FINAL EXAM Questions and answers latest 2 024 What is matter and what state can it exist in? Matter is anything that takes up space by having volume and mass matter can e xist as a liquid, solid, or gas Explain the difference between essential and trace elements essential elements are required for human life and are abundant trace elements are required for human life but in small amounts Describe an Ionic bond generate d based on the attraction between oppositely charged particles describe covalent bond occurs when electrons are shared by two atoms to complete the valence shell of both describe hydrogen bond Hydrogen bonds form between a hydrogen atom that has partial positive charge and another atom, like oxygen or nitrogen, carrying partial negative charge. relatively weak bond True or False; If false, make the statement true: Anions are positively charge d ions, and cations are negatively charged ions. False Anions are negatively charged ions and cations are positively charged ions. Which of the following are not one of the organic compounds that make up biomacromolecules? lipids, proteins, ribosomes, ca rbs ribosomes What are carbohydrates -carbohydrates are also referred to as sugar -Carbohydrates are the main fuel source for organisms -Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Why are lipids unique among the biomacromolecules? Lipids are unique because they are insoluble in water. Why are lipids insoluble in water? Lipids are insoluble in water because they are made up of hydrocarbons which are are non -polar Describe the structure of a phospholipid. A phospholipid contains a polar head connected to a non -polar tail. The polar head contains a phosphate group and is hydrophilic and the non -polar tail contains fatty acid chains and is hydrophobic. Name the func tions of proteins as mentioned in the module. -act as enzymes and regulate metabolic functions -form antibodies for immune defense -act as transporters and form membrane channels -form cell surface receptors to receive chemical messages -store amino acids -act as a hormone -act as structural molecules for support and movement Describe how the shape of a protein is related to its function Proteins form attachments and interact with other molecules. The shape of a protein determines which molecules each pro tein can interact with. What are the roles of the two major types of nucleic acids? -DNA: responsible for storing all the genetic information needed for an organism to develop, function, and reproduce -RNA: responsible for translating the genetic informa tion in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins Describe the structure of DNA and RNA. Both structures are made up of a chain of nucleotides where the sugar of one nucleotide is linked to the phosphate group of the next. Each nucleotide contains a nitrog en base, a phosphate group and a sugar. DNA has two chains and forms a double alpha helix. RNA has one chain and forms a single alpha helix. What are some of the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Prokaryotic cells are small, simple cells, that do not contain a nucleus or organelles Eukaryotic cells are larger, complex cells that contain a nucleus and organelles What organelles of the cells are complexes of tiny manufacturing plants that assemble proteins?