Pharmacology final exam (Galen) Actual Questions And Complete Detailed Answers.

Aminoglycosides "mycins" - correct answer Gentamicin Aminoglycosides used for - correct answer Gram negative sepsis, many life-threatening infections, inactive against anaerobic bacteria Aminoglycosides side effects - correct answer GI upset, rash, visual disturbances, PHOTOSENSITIVITY, dizziness, weakness Aminoglycosides Adverse effects - correct answer Nausea/diarrhea OTOTOXIC and NEPHROTOXIC loop diuretics increase ototoxicity, SUPERINFECTION Aminoglycosides nursing considerations - correct answer Monitor BUN ( 10-20 normal) Creatinine (0.5-1.2) Monitor I&O should not be given more than 10 days obtain C&S BEFORE starting drug Penicillin "cillins" - correct answer Amoxicillin and ampicillin Penicillin used for - correct answer BROAD SPECTRUM PCN - to treat gram + and gram -, commonly used for respiratory infections, otitis media, H. Pylori, E. Coli Penicillin side effects - correct answer GI disturbance, headaches, rash, stomatitis (mouth ulcers), dizziness, anxiety, confusion Penicillin adverse effects - correct answer Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, Angioedema, hepatotoxicity Penicillin nursing considerations - correct answer decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives, assess for allergies to cephalosporins, asthma, renal impairment LAB montior: ALT (4-36 normal), AST ( 0-35 normal), BUN (10-20 normal), creatinine (0.5-1.2 normal) monitor for bleeding Obtain C&S BEFORE starting drug Cephalosporins "cefs" - correct answer Ceftriaxone and cefpodoxime Cephalosporins used for - correct answer Third generations cephalosporins Cephalosporins side effects - correct answer GI upset, headaches, dizziness, rash, dyspepsia ( indigestion) Cephalosporins adverse effects - correct answer Bleeding, angioedema, HEPATOXICITY, agranulocytosis, renal failure Cephalosporins nursing considerations - correct answer Cross-sensitivity with PCN, GIVE WITH FOOD encourage patients to eat yogurt, buttermilk, or use probiotics to avoid superinfection LABS - ALT (4-36 normal), AST (0-35 normal), LDH 100-190 normal), PT (11-12.5 seconds normal), INR (0.9-1.2 seconds normal) obtain C&S BEFORE starting drug Tetracycline - correct answer Doxycycline (Vibramycin) tetracycline used for - correct answer BROAD SPECTRUM low dose therapy used to tx: ACNE, STD's, respiratory infections, UTI's Tetracycline side effects - correct answer GI upset, PHOTOSENSIVITY Tetracycline adverse effects - correct answer Discolors teeth permanently if given to children under 8 yrs Tetracycline nursing considerations - correct answer Milk products prevent absorption, decrease oral contraceptive effectiveness, AVOID ANTACIDS, IRON LABS - liver enzymes - ALP (30-120 normal), ALT (4-36 normal), AST (0-35 normal), BUN ( 10-20 normal), creatinine (0.5-1.2 normal) obtain C&S BEFORE starting drug Macrolides - correct answer Erythromycin and azithromycin Macrolides used for - correct answer to treat Otitis Media, STD's, skin infections, and respiratory infections Macrolides side effects - correct answer PHOTOSENSITIVTY, headache, GI upset, Blurred vision, rash Macrolides adverse effects - correct answer Hepatoxicity, SUPERINFECTION, STEVEN-JOHNSON -SYNDROME Macrolides nursing considerations - correct answer No meals 1 hour Sulfonamides "sulfa" - correct answer Sulfisoxasole, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Sulfonamides used for - correct answer Respiratory infections, UTI's, Otitis media, MRSA, gastroenteritis, E. Coli Sulfonamides side effects - correct answer PHOTOSENSITIVITY, anorexia, headaches, vertigo, weakness, insomnia Sulfonamides adverse effects - correct answer angioedema, thrombocytopenia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, Steven-Johnson-syndrome, renal failure Sulfonamides nursing considerations - correct answer Monitor I&O and increase fluids, 2000ml/day, decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptive, caution with DM, pregnant women, hypothyriodism Obtain C&S BEFORE starting drug Peptides - correct answer Metronidazole Peptides used for - correct answer H. Pylori, STD's C-Diff, lower respiratory infections, skin infections Peptides adverse effects - correct answer Superinfection resulting in oral and vaginal candidiasis, severe reaction if taken with alcohol, Steven-Johnson Syndrome, leukopenia, seizures Peptides nursing considerations - correct answer Monitor liver enzymes, BUN (10-20 normal), creatinine clearance (0.5-1.2 normal), CBC, HBG (12-18 normal), hematocrit (37 -52 normal) take immediate release tablet WITH food, take extended release on EMPTY stomach, NO ALCOHOL, OBTAIN C&S BEFORE STARTING DRUG Glycopeptides - correct answer Vancomycin Glycopeptides used for - correct answer Tx of MRSA Glycopeptides side effects - correct answer Chills, ataxia (loss of balance), dizziness, rash, GI upset, THROMBOPHLEBITIS at IV site Glycopeptides Adverse Effects - correct answer OTOTOXIC, NEPHROTOXIC, severe hypotension, tachycardia Glycopeptides Nursing Considerations - correct answer Monitor serum levels. "red man syndrome" associated with rapid IV administration, Steven-Johnson Syndrome antivirial agents (Anti-herpes agent) - correct answer Acyclovir (Zovirax) Antiviral agents used for - correct answer initial & recurrent genital herpes, herpes simplex, shingles, shortens herpes episodes Antiviral side effects - correct answer Gi upset, headaches, tremors, agitation, rash, lethargy Antiviral adverse effects - correct answer Renal failure, paresthesia's neuropathy, blood dyscrasia antiviral nursing considerations - correct answer Hydration Important to prevent renal crystal formation. Topical route - wear gloves/prevent spreading, monitor CBC Antifungal agents - correct answer Nystatin (candida albicans) Miconazole (athlete's foot, jock itch) Antifungal agents used for - correct answer Candidiasis (thrush) GI & vaginal yeast infections Antifungal agents side effects - correct answer GI upset, dyspepsia