pharm study guide test 2 galen pierce Actual Questions And Detailed Answers Guaranteed A+.

The most common signs and symptoms of diabetes are a. Polyuria b. All of the above c. Polydipsia d. Polyphagia e. Fasting glucose level higher than 126 mg/dL - correct answer b. all of the above Which of the following is true regarding type 1 diabetes? B. Accounts for 10 % of cases and presents prior to age 20 D. All of the above C. Previously referred to as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus A. Etiology is due to autoimmune destruction of beta cells in pancreas that results in lack of insulin production or production of defective insulin E. None of the above - correct answer d. all of the above Which of the following statements is true regarding type 2 diabetes? B. Treatment usually includes weight loss, diet, exercise, and oral hypoglycemics with about 1/3 of patients requiring insulin. C. Both A & B are correct. A. It is usually attributed to obesity in 80% of cases D. This type of diabetes does not affect children and adolescents E. Caucasians are at higher risk than African, Asian, Hispanic, and Native Americans - correct answer c. both A and B are correct A diabetic pt has had good control of BS with Diabeta, but presents with FBS levels above 180.Which med might contribute to the BS elevation? A. Phenelzine (Nardil) B. Prednisone C. Atenolol (Tenormin) D. Allopurinol (Zyloprim) E. Digoxin (Lanoxin) - correct answer b. prednisone Which of the following are potential major long term consequences of diabetes? B. Neuropathy E. All of the above C. Nephropathy D. Atherosclerotic plaque A. Retinopathy - correct answer e. all of the above Which of the following is true regarding hemoglobin A1C measurement for diabetic patients? B. The A1C measures the percentage of hemoglobin A that is irreversibly glycosated. D. All of the above C. The A1C is an indicator of glycemic control in a patient over the preceding 2-3 months ( the average life span of the RBC). A. The ADA recommends that A1C levels be less than 7%. E. None of the above - correct answer d. all of the above The pt is to be placed on an insulin drip. The nurse knows that only one type of insulin is given IV and that is B. NPH C. Regular Insulin A. Lispro D. Glargine E. Metformin - correct answer c. regular insulin When administering insulin, which S/S of hypoglycemia should you monitor the pt for? B. Sweating D. All of the above C. Confusion A. Irritability E. None of the above - correct answer d. all of the above Which of the following is true regarding Glargine Insulin? B. It can not be mixed with any other types of insulin. E. All of the above C. It is a recombinant DNA - produced insulin analogue and it is unique because it provides a constant level of insulin in the body. D. Because it provides a more prolonged, consistent blood glucose level, it is referred to as basal insulin. A. It is a long acting insulin, usually given one a day. - correct answer e. all of the above Which of the following is true regarding sliding scale insulin? B. The use of a sliding scale may be a disadvantage because insulin administration is delayed until hyperglycemia occurs resulting in large swings in glucose control. C. A & B are correct. A. Sliding scale insulin usually involves giving subcu doses of short acting or rapid acting insulin to hospitalized patients based on blood glucose test results D. The use of sliding scale insulin is used on a regular basis by clients at home. E. The use of the sliding scale method for controlling blood sugar in hospitalized patients meets basal insulin requirements. - correct answer a. and b. are correct Rapid acting insulins such as Humalog and Novolog may have an onset of action of as rapid as More A. 30-60 minutes B. 5 minutes C. 1-2 hours D. 25 minutes E. 2 minutes - correct answer b. 5 mins Which of the following is true regarding NPH insulin? B. The suspension appears cloudy or opaque. D. All of the above (A,B, & C) are correct. C. NPH is often combined with regular insulin to reduce the number of insulin injections per day. A. NPH with an onset of action of 1-2 hrs is an intermediate acting insulin product. E. NPH is a long acting insulin - correct answer d. all of the above a,b,c are correct Which of the following statements is true regarding the oral hypoglycemic agents known as sulfonylureas? B. These drugs may be used to treat type 1 diabetes. A. Sulfonylureas can cause a disulfiram (Antabuse ) reaction when alcohol is ingested. C. A side effect of these drugs is hyperglycemia. D. The advantage of using the sulfonylureas is there are no gastrointestinal side effects. E. These drugs do not interact with such drugs as corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, and thyroid preparations. - correct answer A. sulfonylureas can cause disulfiram (antabuse) reaction when alcohol is ingested Which of the following statements is true regarding the oral hypoglycemic agent metformin (Glucophage) B. Unlike the sulfonyureas, metformin does not stimulate insulin secretion and is not associated with hypoglycemia and weight gain. E. All of the above C. Metformin is considered a first line drug for type 2 diabetes and is the most commonly used oral drug for type 2 diabetes. D. The major side effects associated with metformin are GI effects such as nausea, bloating, and cramping which are lessened by starting with low doses, gradual titration, and taking with food. A. The ADA recommends that new onset of type 2 diabetes be treated with both lifestyle interventions and the oral biguanide metformin. - correct answer e. all of the above Which of the following statements are true regarding the sulfonylureas? B. For this class of drugs to be effective, the patient must still have functioning beta cells since these drugs stimulate insulin production. D. All of the above C. Sulfonylureas are used as second-step drugs for patients for patients whose A1C levels remain elevated with metformin . A. The drugs currently used are the second generation drugs such as glimepiride (Amaryl), glipizide (Glucotrol), and glyburide (DiaBeta) because they have a better potency and adverse effect profile than 1st generation drugs. E. None of the above - correct answer d. all of the above Which statement is true regarding adverse effects related to metformin? A. Metformin does not alter liver function tests. B. Metformin may cause lactic acidosis if given within 48 hours of contrast dye. C. Metformin can safely be given to alcoholics. D. All of the above E. Metformin has no GI side effects. - correct answer b. metformin may cause lactic acidosis if given within 48 hours of contrast dye Which statement is correct regarding the Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors? B. These drugs are taken with meals to prevent or reduce excessive postprandial blood glucose elevation. E. All of the above C. May be used in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents. D. These drugs are used to manage type 2 diabetes A. Two examples of AGIs are acarbose (Precose ) and miglitol (Glyset). - correct answer e. all of the above A nurse is teaching a pt how to mix regular insulin with NPH insulin. Which action indicates further teaching is needed? B. Injects air into the NPH insulin vial first C. Withdraws the NPH insulin first A. Injects an amount of air equal to the desired dose into the vial D. Withdraws the regular insulin first E. Administers insulin at room temperature. - correct answer c. withdraws the nph insulin first A home care RN visits a pt. recently diagnosed with diabetes. The pt. asks how to store the unopened vials of NPH insulin. The correct responses is B. Freeze the insulin. D. Refrigerate the insulin. C. Store the insulin in a dark dry place. A. Store at room temperature.