Consolidation of power - Overview of reign
Early actions: Control of nobility:
• Immediately on the battlefield • Rewards
- rewarded supporters - 11 titled - Patronage - only made 3 earls
- lenient to prisoners - most - Reversal of 46 Attainders
attained
• First few months (legitimising • Punishments
rule) - Acts of Attainder (used straight
- backdated reign to before after Bosworth) - 138 given
Bosworth - Harsh taxes - £5000 feudal dues
- called parliament after
coronation OVERALL- carrot and stick policy
- married Elizabeth after was fairly effective but possibly
coronation only because they didn't like other
options (Lovell was very unpopular)
Financial policies:
1485 - poor country as all income Dealing with threats:
spent on the War of the Roses + • Yorkist threats
Richard III did not collect taxes - Lovell supporters and Simnel
• Extraordinary revenue pardoned - reinstated Earl of
- 1487 Battle of Stoke Northumbria (Yorkist)
- 1496 French War → shows forgiving side +
• Ordinary revenue reasonable
- increased crown land income - Humphrey Stafford executed,
by £20,000 during reign some English nobles executed after
- feudal dues increased by Battle of Stoke
£5000
→ shows can be severe when
needed
OVERALL - left £300,000 legacy
• Judicious use of foreign policy
BUT - not as successful as early
treaties to defeat threats
actions
,Consolidation of power How serious were the threats?
Public discontent
Yorkist threats
Yorkshire - 1489 (no threat)
Viscount Lovell - 1486 (no • Resentment to Brittany
threat) taxation (£100,000)
• Unpopular (Richard III • Earl of surrey (Yorkist)
tax collector) made lieutenant of North
• No claim to the throne • Reduced taxation
Cornish - 1497 (low threat)
Simnel - 1487 (big threat) • Resentment to
• Fake Earl of Warwick Scottish taxation
• Powerful Yorkists (John de la • C. 15,000 rebels
Pole) • Most treated leniently
• Army of 8000 (7000 at Bosworth)
Perkin warbeck - 1491-97 (not big Foreign threats
threat)
• Fake Prince Richard
Burgundy
• No support in England or Ireland
• Not continued after
• Never provided mercenaries by
Margaret’s death - 1503
foreign powers
• Difficult to deal with Scotland
• Etaples & Ayton stop
Auld alliance
Earl of Suffolk - 1501-06 (low threat) • Failed invasion in 1496
• Nephew of Richard Ill
• No attempt to invade
, Does Henry VII achieve his foreign policy aims?
Main aim!
Security (yes but takes a long time!)
• Spain - 1489 Treaty of Medina del Prestige (all but HRE)
Campo • HRE - 1489 backs
→ no harbouring pretenders out of sending troops
• France - 1491 Warbeck welcomed to aid Brittany
• France - 1492 Treaty of Etaples • Spain - 1489
→ invades France to force negotiations marriage of Arthur to
Catherine
→ no pretenders clause
• France - 1492 given
• Scotland - 1497 Treaty of Ayton
50,000 crowns
→ first peace treaty in 100 years pension to go away
• Burgundy - 1503 death of Margaret • Scotland - 1497
• Burgundy - 1506 Intercursus Malus Margaret and James
→ Suffolk handed over proposal
→ no more safe havens! • HRE - 1506 Margaret
of savoy refused to
Dynasty (success & helps with security) marry Henry
• Spain - 1489 Arthur & Catherine to
marry Prosperity (good personal
• Scotland - 1497 Margaret & James income)
IV to marry • France - 1492 50,000
• Spain - 1501 Arthur & Catherine Crowns pension
marry (doubles income)
• Spain - 1503 Henry & Catherine • Burgundy - 1493 trade
engaged embargos
• Scotland - 1503 Margaret & James • Burgundy - 1496 trade
marry barriers removed
• Burgundy - Margaret of savoy • Burgundy - 1506
refuses to marry Henry duties removed from
• Spain - 1509 Henry marries English exports (not
Catherine Burgundy)
Delays due to practicalities! (Age)
Early actions: Control of nobility:
• Immediately on the battlefield • Rewards
- rewarded supporters - 11 titled - Patronage - only made 3 earls
- lenient to prisoners - most - Reversal of 46 Attainders
attained
• First few months (legitimising • Punishments
rule) - Acts of Attainder (used straight
- backdated reign to before after Bosworth) - 138 given
Bosworth - Harsh taxes - £5000 feudal dues
- called parliament after
coronation OVERALL- carrot and stick policy
- married Elizabeth after was fairly effective but possibly
coronation only because they didn't like other
options (Lovell was very unpopular)
Financial policies:
1485 - poor country as all income Dealing with threats:
spent on the War of the Roses + • Yorkist threats
Richard III did not collect taxes - Lovell supporters and Simnel
• Extraordinary revenue pardoned - reinstated Earl of
- 1487 Battle of Stoke Northumbria (Yorkist)
- 1496 French War → shows forgiving side +
• Ordinary revenue reasonable
- increased crown land income - Humphrey Stafford executed,
by £20,000 during reign some English nobles executed after
- feudal dues increased by Battle of Stoke
£5000
→ shows can be severe when
needed
OVERALL - left £300,000 legacy
• Judicious use of foreign policy
BUT - not as successful as early
treaties to defeat threats
actions
,Consolidation of power How serious were the threats?
Public discontent
Yorkist threats
Yorkshire - 1489 (no threat)
Viscount Lovell - 1486 (no • Resentment to Brittany
threat) taxation (£100,000)
• Unpopular (Richard III • Earl of surrey (Yorkist)
tax collector) made lieutenant of North
• No claim to the throne • Reduced taxation
Cornish - 1497 (low threat)
Simnel - 1487 (big threat) • Resentment to
• Fake Earl of Warwick Scottish taxation
• Powerful Yorkists (John de la • C. 15,000 rebels
Pole) • Most treated leniently
• Army of 8000 (7000 at Bosworth)
Perkin warbeck - 1491-97 (not big Foreign threats
threat)
• Fake Prince Richard
Burgundy
• No support in England or Ireland
• Not continued after
• Never provided mercenaries by
Margaret’s death - 1503
foreign powers
• Difficult to deal with Scotland
• Etaples & Ayton stop
Auld alliance
Earl of Suffolk - 1501-06 (low threat) • Failed invasion in 1496
• Nephew of Richard Ill
• No attempt to invade
, Does Henry VII achieve his foreign policy aims?
Main aim!
Security (yes but takes a long time!)
• Spain - 1489 Treaty of Medina del Prestige (all but HRE)
Campo • HRE - 1489 backs
→ no harbouring pretenders out of sending troops
• France - 1491 Warbeck welcomed to aid Brittany
• France - 1492 Treaty of Etaples • Spain - 1489
→ invades France to force negotiations marriage of Arthur to
Catherine
→ no pretenders clause
• France - 1492 given
• Scotland - 1497 Treaty of Ayton
50,000 crowns
→ first peace treaty in 100 years pension to go away
• Burgundy - 1503 death of Margaret • Scotland - 1497
• Burgundy - 1506 Intercursus Malus Margaret and James
→ Suffolk handed over proposal
→ no more safe havens! • HRE - 1506 Margaret
of savoy refused to
Dynasty (success & helps with security) marry Henry
• Spain - 1489 Arthur & Catherine to
marry Prosperity (good personal
• Scotland - 1497 Margaret & James income)
IV to marry • France - 1492 50,000
• Spain - 1501 Arthur & Catherine Crowns pension
marry (doubles income)
• Spain - 1503 Henry & Catherine • Burgundy - 1493 trade
engaged embargos
• Scotland - 1503 Margaret & James • Burgundy - 1496 trade
marry barriers removed
• Burgundy - Margaret of savoy • Burgundy - 1506
refuses to marry Henry duties removed from
• Spain - 1509 Henry marries English exports (not
Catherine Burgundy)
Delays due to practicalities! (Age)
