WI Pesticide Applicator Turf &
Landscape 3.0
Describe the kinds of damage arthropod pests can cause. - answer Chewing,
tunneling, Galls, Inject toxins, transmit diseases
Describe the structural features of arthropods including how their mouthparts determine
what kind of damage they can cause. - answer Jointed body,
What kinds of damage can arthropod pests cause? - answer Physical, physiological,
and behavioral damage.
What are the structural features of arthropods? - answer Jointed appendages,
exoskeleton, segmented body.
How can you distinguish insects from other arthropods? - answer Three body
segments, six legs, wings (if present).
What are the differences between simple and complete metamorphosis? - answer
Simple: egg, nymph, adult. Complete: egg, larva, pupa, adult.
Why is it important to know what kind of metamorphosis a pest goes through? - answer
To determine the most effective control methods.
How do temperature and humidity affect insect development? - answer Higher temps
and humidity can speed up development.
What are some characteristics of common insect pests? - answer Small size, high
reproductive rate, short generation time.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using insecticides? - answer
Advantages: effective, fast-acting. Disadvantages: can harm non-target organisms, can
lead to resistance.
What determines whether a given plant is a weed? - answer A plant is considered a
weed if it is unwanted or interferes with human activities.
List the two main goals of weed management. - answer To reduce weed populations
and prevent new weeds from establishing.
, Describe ways that weeds can pose problems in turf and landscapes. - answer
Weeds can compete with desirable plants for resources, reduce aesthetic value, and
harbor pests and diseases.
Distinguish grasses from broadleaf plants and herbaceous from woody plants. - answer
Grasses have narrow leaves and are herbaceous, while broadleaf plants have wider
leaves and can be herbaceous or woody.
Describe the life cycles of annual, biennial, and perennial plants and how they
reproduce. - answer Annuals complete their life cycle in one year, biennials in two
years, and perennials live for multiple years. They reproduce through seeds, vegetative
reproduction, or both.
Outline what is needed to kill annual, biennial, and perennial weeds and when it is
easiest to do so. - answer Annuals can be killed with preemergence herbicides,
biennials with postemergence herbicides, and perennials with systemic herbicides. It is
easiest to kill weeds when they are young and actively growing.
Explain the difference between preplant, preemergence, and postemergence herbicide
applications. - answer Preplant herbicides are applied before planting,
preemergence herbicides are applied before weed seeds germinate, and
postemergence herbicides are applied after weeds have emerged.
Explain the effects of soil texture, organic matter and other soil factors on herbicide
activity. - answer Soil texture and organic matter can affect herbicide absorption and
movement in the soil. Soil pH and moisture can also affect herbicide activity.
Describe how and when to make a basal-bark treatment. - answer A basal-bark
treatment involves applying herbicide to the lower 12-18 inches of the stem. It is
typically done in the dormant season when leaves have fallen.
Describe how and when to make an effective cut-stump treatment. - answer A cut-
stump treatment involves applying herbicide to the freshly cut surface of a tree or shrub.
It is typically done immediately after cutting.
List steps to take when applying herbicides to minimize adverse effects in urban areas. -
answer Choose the right herbicide, apply at the right time, use the right equipment,
and follow label instructions. Avoid drift and runoff, and consider non-chemical
alternatives.
Define plant disease and what causes disease. - answer Plant disease is an
abnormal condition that alters the plant's normal structure, function, or economic value.
It is caused by biotic or abiotic agents.
Landscape 3.0
Describe the kinds of damage arthropod pests can cause. - answer Chewing,
tunneling, Galls, Inject toxins, transmit diseases
Describe the structural features of arthropods including how their mouthparts determine
what kind of damage they can cause. - answer Jointed body,
What kinds of damage can arthropod pests cause? - answer Physical, physiological,
and behavioral damage.
What are the structural features of arthropods? - answer Jointed appendages,
exoskeleton, segmented body.
How can you distinguish insects from other arthropods? - answer Three body
segments, six legs, wings (if present).
What are the differences between simple and complete metamorphosis? - answer
Simple: egg, nymph, adult. Complete: egg, larva, pupa, adult.
Why is it important to know what kind of metamorphosis a pest goes through? - answer
To determine the most effective control methods.
How do temperature and humidity affect insect development? - answer Higher temps
and humidity can speed up development.
What are some characteristics of common insect pests? - answer Small size, high
reproductive rate, short generation time.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using insecticides? - answer
Advantages: effective, fast-acting. Disadvantages: can harm non-target organisms, can
lead to resistance.
What determines whether a given plant is a weed? - answer A plant is considered a
weed if it is unwanted or interferes with human activities.
List the two main goals of weed management. - answer To reduce weed populations
and prevent new weeds from establishing.
, Describe ways that weeds can pose problems in turf and landscapes. - answer
Weeds can compete with desirable plants for resources, reduce aesthetic value, and
harbor pests and diseases.
Distinguish grasses from broadleaf plants and herbaceous from woody plants. - answer
Grasses have narrow leaves and are herbaceous, while broadleaf plants have wider
leaves and can be herbaceous or woody.
Describe the life cycles of annual, biennial, and perennial plants and how they
reproduce. - answer Annuals complete their life cycle in one year, biennials in two
years, and perennials live for multiple years. They reproduce through seeds, vegetative
reproduction, or both.
Outline what is needed to kill annual, biennial, and perennial weeds and when it is
easiest to do so. - answer Annuals can be killed with preemergence herbicides,
biennials with postemergence herbicides, and perennials with systemic herbicides. It is
easiest to kill weeds when they are young and actively growing.
Explain the difference between preplant, preemergence, and postemergence herbicide
applications. - answer Preplant herbicides are applied before planting,
preemergence herbicides are applied before weed seeds germinate, and
postemergence herbicides are applied after weeds have emerged.
Explain the effects of soil texture, organic matter and other soil factors on herbicide
activity. - answer Soil texture and organic matter can affect herbicide absorption and
movement in the soil. Soil pH and moisture can also affect herbicide activity.
Describe how and when to make a basal-bark treatment. - answer A basal-bark
treatment involves applying herbicide to the lower 12-18 inches of the stem. It is
typically done in the dormant season when leaves have fallen.
Describe how and when to make an effective cut-stump treatment. - answer A cut-
stump treatment involves applying herbicide to the freshly cut surface of a tree or shrub.
It is typically done immediately after cutting.
List steps to take when applying herbicides to minimize adverse effects in urban areas. -
answer Choose the right herbicide, apply at the right time, use the right equipment,
and follow label instructions. Avoid drift and runoff, and consider non-chemical
alternatives.
Define plant disease and what causes disease. - answer Plant disease is an
abnormal condition that alters the plant's normal structure, function, or economic value.
It is caused by biotic or abiotic agents.
