MCB 2010 Exam 2
Prokaryotic Cell - ANS--cell with no nucleus
-no membrane bound organelles
4 Processes of Life - ANS-1. Growth- measured in size or number
2. Reproduce- Independently (increase in number)
3. Responsiveness- (sense and respond to environment)
4. Metabolism- sum of all chemical reactions that take place in a living cell
2 Domains of Prokaryotic Cells - ANS-1. Domain Bacteria
2. Domain Archaea
How do Bacteria and Archae differ - ANS-Bacteria and Archaea differ in the type of
Lipids in their cytoplasmic membranes and chemistry of their cell walls
Nucleoid - ANS-Deepest region of cytoplasm that contains DNA
-DNA in bacteria--1 molecule of circular strands of DNA (single molecule that is double
stranded)
Cytoplasm - ANS-Aqueous solution of macromolecules w/ subshell structures
suspended in it.
- Cytosol- cytoplasm with sub-cellular structures suspended in it.
Ribosomes - ANS--Subshell structures composed of RNA and Proteins
-function in translation (protein synthesis)
Inclusions - ANS-Regions of highly concentrated molecules that are stored for futures
use (not membrane bound)
Cytoplasmic Membrane (Plasma Membrane) - ANS-Phospholipid bilayer
Cell Wall - ANS-Composed of peptidoglycan
Glycocalyx (carbohydrate) - ANS-thin-slime layer
thick-capsule
Flagellum - ANS--means of locomotion
-very diff. from Euk. flagellum
, Eukaryotes - ANS-1. have membrane bound nucleus and organelles
2. Larger structure
3. More complex structure
4. Include domain Eukarya: kingdom: plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Animalia
Giardia - ANS-parasitic protozoan
Eukaryotic Pathogen
single celled
Bacterium - ANS-Prokaryotic Pathogen
ex. staphylococcus
Virus - ANS-Viral Pathogen
ex. Orthopoxvirus
Glycocalyces - ANS--key structures, along with pili that bacteria use to form biofilms
(community of bacteria that together display properties that they don't as individuals)
-gelatinous, sticky carbohydrate containing layer outside of the cell wall
-composed of polysaccharide, polypeptides, or both
-polypeptides-small protein, polysaccharides-most common
-2 types thin and thick
Thin Layer - ANS-Called the slime layer
-loosely attached to cell surface
-sticky layer allows prokaryotes to attach to surfaces (helps form biofilms)
-water soluble
Thick Layer - ANS-AKA Capsule
-Usually high Pathogenicity
-composed of organized repeating units of organic chemicals
-firmly attached to cell surface
-hides bacteria from immune system (hides bacterial antigens from immune system)
-Vaccines already allow body to have immune response, so your immune system will
attack it
Pathogenesis - ANS-ability to cause disease
Flagella - ANS--only mechanism for motility in bacteria
-long structures composed of flagellin
Prokaryotic Cell - ANS--cell with no nucleus
-no membrane bound organelles
4 Processes of Life - ANS-1. Growth- measured in size or number
2. Reproduce- Independently (increase in number)
3. Responsiveness- (sense and respond to environment)
4. Metabolism- sum of all chemical reactions that take place in a living cell
2 Domains of Prokaryotic Cells - ANS-1. Domain Bacteria
2. Domain Archaea
How do Bacteria and Archae differ - ANS-Bacteria and Archaea differ in the type of
Lipids in their cytoplasmic membranes and chemistry of their cell walls
Nucleoid - ANS-Deepest region of cytoplasm that contains DNA
-DNA in bacteria--1 molecule of circular strands of DNA (single molecule that is double
stranded)
Cytoplasm - ANS-Aqueous solution of macromolecules w/ subshell structures
suspended in it.
- Cytosol- cytoplasm with sub-cellular structures suspended in it.
Ribosomes - ANS--Subshell structures composed of RNA and Proteins
-function in translation (protein synthesis)
Inclusions - ANS-Regions of highly concentrated molecules that are stored for futures
use (not membrane bound)
Cytoplasmic Membrane (Plasma Membrane) - ANS-Phospholipid bilayer
Cell Wall - ANS-Composed of peptidoglycan
Glycocalyx (carbohydrate) - ANS-thin-slime layer
thick-capsule
Flagellum - ANS--means of locomotion
-very diff. from Euk. flagellum
, Eukaryotes - ANS-1. have membrane bound nucleus and organelles
2. Larger structure
3. More complex structure
4. Include domain Eukarya: kingdom: plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Animalia
Giardia - ANS-parasitic protozoan
Eukaryotic Pathogen
single celled
Bacterium - ANS-Prokaryotic Pathogen
ex. staphylococcus
Virus - ANS-Viral Pathogen
ex. Orthopoxvirus
Glycocalyces - ANS--key structures, along with pili that bacteria use to form biofilms
(community of bacteria that together display properties that they don't as individuals)
-gelatinous, sticky carbohydrate containing layer outside of the cell wall
-composed of polysaccharide, polypeptides, or both
-polypeptides-small protein, polysaccharides-most common
-2 types thin and thick
Thin Layer - ANS-Called the slime layer
-loosely attached to cell surface
-sticky layer allows prokaryotes to attach to surfaces (helps form biofilms)
-water soluble
Thick Layer - ANS-AKA Capsule
-Usually high Pathogenicity
-composed of organized repeating units of organic chemicals
-firmly attached to cell surface
-hides bacteria from immune system (hides bacterial antigens from immune system)
-Vaccines already allow body to have immune response, so your immune system will
attack it
Pathogenesis - ANS-ability to cause disease
Flagella - ANS--only mechanism for motility in bacteria
-long structures composed of flagellin
