HWST 107 FINAL EXAM UH Manoa
Why is the U.S. interested in Pacific island possessions during this period of American
Empire building in the early 20th century?
○ Think: What role(s) does Hawaiʻi, American Sāmoa, Guam, and Micronesia play in regards
to the U.S. military? - correct answer-strategic military purposes
Why do many regard the US treatment of residents within its island territories as unjust and
unethical? - correct answer-- no full rights to native people
- social and environmental impacts
Identity: Insular Cases - correct answer-insular: island territories under War Department's
Bureau of Insular Affairs
- US Supreme Court opinions on US territories acquired in the Spanish-American War
- way for US to enquire new territories and partially apply constitution
Why are the Insular Cases considered outdated and irrelevant today? - correct answer-- still
based on outdated and racist views
- pacific islanders are still neglected by US powers
- full constitutional rights do not automatically extend to US places and to all US citizens
Why does the General Smedley Butler refer to war as a "racket"? According to Butler, how
has the country's armed forces been misused during the early 1900s? - correct answer--
something that is not what it seems to the majority of the people
- conducted for the benefit of the very few at the expense of the masses
- "the flag follows the dollar and the soldiers follow the flag"
- war for any other reason other than the defense of our homes and the Bill of Rights is a
racket
- all about money
What is PACOM and where is it based? - correct answer-US Pacific Command, Oahu
List 3 statistics regarding PACOM in Hawaii - correct answer-- combined military branches =
161 installations
- controls 5.7% of total land in Hawaii (236, 303 acres)
- controls 22.4% or 85,718 acres of Oahu land
- islands surrounded by 210,000 sq. mi. of military operating ocean area and 58,599 sq. mi.
of military special use airspace
Cite at least 2 facts supporting the claim that Hawaii is the most militarized state in the union
- correct answer-- 44,458 active duty military personnel and 56, 572 military dependents
- 116,000 retired military residing in state, military connected population totaled 217,030
(17% of state)
- largest percentage of its population in the military
, Where does a bulk of military controlled lands in Hawaii come from and why does this not sit
well with the Native Hawaiian community? - correct answer-- ceded lands (US seized 1.8
million acres of Hawaiian government and crown lands of the Kingdom of Hawaii)
How much Hawaiian land is under military stewardship? - correct answer-112,173 acres or
54% of military controlled land in Hawaii = ceded lands
Identify: DERP - correct answer-- 1984
- Defense Environmental Restoration Program
Identify: FUDS - correct answer-Formerly Used Defense Sites
Why do critics claim that DERP reports fall short of their intended purpose? - correct
answer-- annual DERP report to congress doesn't include FUDS and US installations on
foreign soil
Why are military fuel storage facilities a concern for the local community?
How large are these tanks? Is there a history of problems with them? What would be
affected if the tanks were to leak or suffer an accident? - correct answer-* The Abandoned
Tank
- 9 million gallon capacity
- when abandoned: 126,000 barrels of waste (5.3 million gallons), demolition team collapsed
roof and drained tank by drilling holes
- now in grassy field between enlisted men's dining hall and their living quarters
* Mililani Tanks
- 32 million gallon system
- 3 fuel storage areas (Hickam, Pearl Harbor, Wheeler)
- Air Force discovered 80 ruptures (1987)
* Red Hill underground fuel storage facility
- 20 reinforced concrete fuel tanks
- 252 million gallons of diesel and jet fuel
- sits 100 ft above aquifer (which supplies 25% of Honolulu's water)
- 2015: Board of Water Supply says tested positive for jet fuel in the aquifer
Why are toxic military dumps in the ocean surrounding Hawaii a potential problem for the
community?
What types of things/chemicals have been dumped into our oceans? - correct answer-south
sea, Oahu 1944-1945
- conventional explosives
- old aircraft
- old ships
- old vehicles
- ammunition
- > 8000 tons of chemical weapons (chemical-filled bombshells, mustard gas)
- 1944: 4220 tons of hydrogen cyanide in loose containers
- 1944: 16000 100-pound mustard bombs dumped 5 miles off Oahu
- 1945: Waianae two week period of dumping of more than 4000 tons of chemical weapons
Why is the U.S. interested in Pacific island possessions during this period of American
Empire building in the early 20th century?
○ Think: What role(s) does Hawaiʻi, American Sāmoa, Guam, and Micronesia play in regards
to the U.S. military? - correct answer-strategic military purposes
Why do many regard the US treatment of residents within its island territories as unjust and
unethical? - correct answer-- no full rights to native people
- social and environmental impacts
Identity: Insular Cases - correct answer-insular: island territories under War Department's
Bureau of Insular Affairs
- US Supreme Court opinions on US territories acquired in the Spanish-American War
- way for US to enquire new territories and partially apply constitution
Why are the Insular Cases considered outdated and irrelevant today? - correct answer-- still
based on outdated and racist views
- pacific islanders are still neglected by US powers
- full constitutional rights do not automatically extend to US places and to all US citizens
Why does the General Smedley Butler refer to war as a "racket"? According to Butler, how
has the country's armed forces been misused during the early 1900s? - correct answer--
something that is not what it seems to the majority of the people
- conducted for the benefit of the very few at the expense of the masses
- "the flag follows the dollar and the soldiers follow the flag"
- war for any other reason other than the defense of our homes and the Bill of Rights is a
racket
- all about money
What is PACOM and where is it based? - correct answer-US Pacific Command, Oahu
List 3 statistics regarding PACOM in Hawaii - correct answer-- combined military branches =
161 installations
- controls 5.7% of total land in Hawaii (236, 303 acres)
- controls 22.4% or 85,718 acres of Oahu land
- islands surrounded by 210,000 sq. mi. of military operating ocean area and 58,599 sq. mi.
of military special use airspace
Cite at least 2 facts supporting the claim that Hawaii is the most militarized state in the union
- correct answer-- 44,458 active duty military personnel and 56, 572 military dependents
- 116,000 retired military residing in state, military connected population totaled 217,030
(17% of state)
- largest percentage of its population in the military
, Where does a bulk of military controlled lands in Hawaii come from and why does this not sit
well with the Native Hawaiian community? - correct answer-- ceded lands (US seized 1.8
million acres of Hawaiian government and crown lands of the Kingdom of Hawaii)
How much Hawaiian land is under military stewardship? - correct answer-112,173 acres or
54% of military controlled land in Hawaii = ceded lands
Identify: DERP - correct answer-- 1984
- Defense Environmental Restoration Program
Identify: FUDS - correct answer-Formerly Used Defense Sites
Why do critics claim that DERP reports fall short of their intended purpose? - correct
answer-- annual DERP report to congress doesn't include FUDS and US installations on
foreign soil
Why are military fuel storage facilities a concern for the local community?
How large are these tanks? Is there a history of problems with them? What would be
affected if the tanks were to leak or suffer an accident? - correct answer-* The Abandoned
Tank
- 9 million gallon capacity
- when abandoned: 126,000 barrels of waste (5.3 million gallons), demolition team collapsed
roof and drained tank by drilling holes
- now in grassy field between enlisted men's dining hall and their living quarters
* Mililani Tanks
- 32 million gallon system
- 3 fuel storage areas (Hickam, Pearl Harbor, Wheeler)
- Air Force discovered 80 ruptures (1987)
* Red Hill underground fuel storage facility
- 20 reinforced concrete fuel tanks
- 252 million gallons of diesel and jet fuel
- sits 100 ft above aquifer (which supplies 25% of Honolulu's water)
- 2015: Board of Water Supply says tested positive for jet fuel in the aquifer
Why are toxic military dumps in the ocean surrounding Hawaii a potential problem for the
community?
What types of things/chemicals have been dumped into our oceans? - correct answer-south
sea, Oahu 1944-1945
- conventional explosives
- old aircraft
- old ships
- old vehicles
- ammunition
- > 8000 tons of chemical weapons (chemical-filled bombshells, mustard gas)
- 1944: 4220 tons of hydrogen cyanide in loose containers
- 1944: 16000 100-pound mustard bombs dumped 5 miles off Oahu
- 1945: Waianae two week period of dumping of more than 4000 tons of chemical weapons
