Sociology 101 Straighterline Exam Questions and Complete Solutions

Sociology 101 Straighterline Final Exam Questions and Complete Solutions What is sociology - Answer: the scientific study of social interactions and of social organizations What is the functionalist perspective? - Answer: A system is to survive where certain essential tasks are performed. What happens to a functionalist system? - Answer: If it fails to maintain it will perish. What is a conflict perspective? - Answer: Conflict theorists focus their attention on society as a whole, studying its institutions and structural arrangements. What is the interactionist perspective? - Answer: It is more concerned with the micro or small-scale aspects of social life Why would you use conflict, interactionist and functionalist perspectives together? - Answer: By using all perspectives for full advantages. What is socialization? - Answer: A process of social interaction by which people acquire knowledge, attitudes, values and behavior essential for effective participation in society. What are agents of socialization? - Answer: Family, peers, school and mass media What is the sociological theory? - Answer: A theory that emphasizes conditioning and observational theory What is culture? - Answer: Refers to a social heritage of people learning patterns for thinking, feeling and acting from one generation to the next. What is society? - Answer: Refer to a group of people within the same territory and share a common culture. What does it mean to be culture in flux? - Answer: Culture groups adapt in dynamic and unpredictable ways Whats a subculture? - Answer: Religious, racial, ethnic, occupational and age groups. What is a counterculture? - Answer: Rejects many of the behavioral standards and guideposts that hold in the dominant culture. What is ethnocentrism? - Answer: Judges the behavior of other groups by the standards of our own culture What is a 'status' - Answer: A position within a group or society What is a 'role' - Answer: A status carried with a set of culturally defined right and duties What are social structures? - Answer: roles, statuses, groups and institutions. What are family structures? - Answer: A way in which we define the family determines the kinds of family we consider to be normal or deviant. What would be considered challenges to a family? - Answer: Incest, family violence and child abuse. Define government - Answer: Political process that have to do with authoritative formulating of rules and policies. What is totalitarianism - Answer: Government takes control of all part of the society and all aspects of social life. What is authoritarianism - Answer: A political system in which government tolerates little or no opposition to its rule but permits nongovernmental center of influence What is democracy - Answer: A political system in which the powers of government derive from the consent of the people. What is a socialist economy? - Answer: Government directly controls the economy What is a capitalist economy? - Answer: Government oversees and sets parameters for the economy What is a political system? - Answer: Political parties, interest group and mass media What is a political party? - Answer: organization designed to gain control of the government by putting its people in public office What is an interest group? - Answer: organization of people who share common concerns or points of view What is the mass media - Answer: Newspapers, tv, magazines, radio and motion pictures. What is religion - Answer: Socially shared and organized ways of thinking, feeling and acting that concern ultimate meanings and assume the existence of the supernatural or "beyond" often involved practices related to sacred things. What does education do - Answer: Transmission of particular attitudes, knowledge and skills to the members of a society through formal and systematic training. What is health - Answer: A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and absence of disease or infirmity What is social stratification - Answer: A structured ranking of individuals and groups' their grading into hierarchical layer or status Who makes up the poverty in the US? - Answer: Children and elderly account for nearly half of all Americans living in poverty what is the culture of poverty - Answer: A view that the poor possess self-perpetuating life ways characterized by weak ego structures, lack of impulse control, a present time orientation and a sense of resignation and fatalism What is social mobility? - Answer: A process in which individuals or groups more from one level to another in the stratification system What is race? - Answer: a group of people who see themselves and are seen by others as having hereditary traits that set them apart What defines a minority group - Answer: racial and ethnic of groups are often minority groups. minority groups lack power What is collective behavior - Answer: Not organized in terms of being established norms and institutionalized lines of action What are the types social movements - Answer: Ideology, revolutionary, reform, resistance and expressive movements What is a social movement by definition - Answer: People influence the course of human events through formal organizations. What is the scientific method of sociology - Answer: a systematic approach to researching questions and problems through objective and accurate observation, collection and analysis of data, direct experimentation What is the interpretivist research method - Answer: carefully analyze each question and claim What is a quantitative research method - Answer: including discussion of surveys, pre/post designs, pre-existing data, pilot studies, and experiments as well as examples What is qualitative research method - Answer: method that includes market research, business, and service demonstrations by non-profits.