Soc 101 Graded Exam 1 (Chapters 1,2, & 3 Quizzes and self-quizzes) Straighterline Exam Questions and Complete Solutions

Soc 101 Graded Exam 1 (Chapters 1,2, & 3 Quizzes and self-quizzes) Straighterline Exam Questions and Complete Solutions The word(s) that Max Weber used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people's emotions, thoughts, beliefs, understandings, and attitudes was - Answer: verstehen The division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities is referred to as - Answer: double consciousness Which of the following academic disciplines emphasizes the influence that society has on people's attitudes and behavior and the ways in which people shape society? - Answer: Sociology Trying to understand why your roommate prefers a certain genre of music, over others, is an example of using one's - Answer: sociological imagination Which social science would be interested in studying individual cases of emotional stress among workers, investors, and business owners? - Answer: Psychology Émile Durkheim's explanation of suicide was scientific because he - Answer: developed conclusions based on a systematic examination of data How institutions, such as the government, may help to maintain the privileges of some groups is a topic of interest for - Answer: conflict theorists Which sociologist saw society as a vast network of connected parts, each of which helps to maintain the system as a whole? - Answer: Talcott Parsons ________ stresses the study of small groups and often uses experimental study in laboratories - Answer: Microsociology Which sociological approach focuses on the macro level and would tend to view inequality in gender as central to behavior and organization? - Answer: feminist perspective Sociology is - Answer: the systematic study of social behavior and human groups. Which of the following thinkers introduced the concept of the sociological imagination - Answer: Wright Mills Émile Durkheim's research on suicide suggested that - Answer: suicide rates seemed to be higher in times of peace than in times of war and revolution. Max Weber taught his students that they should employ which of the following in their intellectual work? - Answer: verstehen Robert Merton's contributions to sociology include - Answer: Successfully combining theory and research. Producing a theory that is one of the most frequently cited explanations of deviant behavior. An attempt to bring macro-level and micro-level analyses together. Which sociologist made a major contribution to society through his in-depth studies of urban life, including both Blacks and Whites? - Answer: W. E. B. DuBois In the late 19th century, before the term "feminist view" was even coined, the ideas behind this major theoretical approach appeared in the writings of - Answer: Ida Wells-Barnett. Thinking of society as a living organism in which each part of the organism contributes to its survival is a reflection of which theoretical perspective? - Answer: the functionalist perspective Karl Marx's view of the struggle between social classes inspired the contemporary - Answer: conflict perspective. Erving Goffman's dramaturgical approach, which postulates that people present certain aspects of their personalities while obscuring other aspects, is a derivative of which major theoretical perspective? - Answer: the interactionist perspective The statement "Women who receive welfare are less likely than other women to have babies" is an example of - Answer: a hypothesis. Which of the following is a common characteristic among feminist researchers? - Answer: They tend to involve and consult subjects more. Which sociologist argued that sociological research should be open to bringing about social change and to drawing on relevant research by nonsociologists? - Answer: Shulamit Reinharz To conduct a cross-cultural study of job discrimination against women, a sociologist interviews 75 women between the ages of 20 and 40 in an American city, and 75 women in the same age group in a Canadian city. This study would be classified as - Answer: a survey After a sociologist reviews the literature, what is the next step in the process? - Answer: Formulate a hypothesis When generalizing about both heterosexuals and homosexuals, researchers must be extremely careful with which of the following? - Answer: wording questions Adler and Adler's work on self-injury reflects which of the three major sociological approaches? - Answer: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives Sociologists consider secondary analysis to be - Answer: a nonreactive form of research. Secondary analysis includes a variety of research techniques that use - Answer: publicly accessible information and data, or data collected by another. A study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, that provides sociologists with information concerning how people think or act is known as - Answer: a survey The first step in any sociological research project is to - Answer: define the problem. An explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept is a(n) - Answer: operational definition. The variable hypothesized to cause or influence another is called the - Answer: independent variable. A correlation exists when - Answer: a change in one variable coincides with a change in another variable. Through which type of research technique does a sociologist ensure that data are statistically representative of the population being studied? - Answer: sampling In order to obtain a random sample, a researcher might - Answer: Administer a questionnaire to every fifth woman who enters a business office. Examine the attitudes of undergraduates at a college by interviewing every 100th name in the official list of currently enrolled students. Study the attitudes of registered Democratic voters by choosing every 10th name found on a city's list of registered Democrats. A researcher can obtain a higher response rate by using which type of survey? - Answer: an interview In the 1930s, William F. Whyte moved into a low-income Italian neighborhood in Boston. For nearly four years, he was a member of the social circle of "corner boys" that he describes in Street Corner Society. His goal was to gain greater insight into the community established by these men. What type of research technique did Whyte use? - Answer: participant observation When sociologists want to study a possible cause-and-effect relationship, they may engage in what kind of research technique? - Answer: experiment Émile Durkheim's statistical analysis of suicide was an example of what kind of research technique? - Answer: secondary analysis In the study of language, which sociological perspective suggests that gender-related language reflects the traditional acceptance of men and women into certain occupations? - Answer: Feminist perspective Mores are - Answer: norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society Ethnocentrism is the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. In this way, ethnocentrism fosters cohesion in a group. This observation would best reflect which sociological perspective? - Answer: Functionalist perspective According to research, the proportion of students who cheat is often higher among - Answer: college students. A subculture is - Answer: a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differs from the pattern of the larger group. Countercultures thrive amongst - Answer: the young. General customs and practices that are found in every culture are called - Answer: cultural universals According to a May 2017 national survey, which of the following racial/ethnic groups considers health care to be one of the most important issues facing the nation? - Answer: Asian Americans Which of the following is an example of an ethnocentric belief? - Answer: Being repelled by the American practice of living in a household with dogs and cats Diffusion is the - Answer: process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society. Which of the following is an aspect of culture? - Answer: A comic book Patriotic attachment to the flag of the United States Slang words People's adaptations to meet the needs for food, shelter, and clothing are examples of what George Murdock referred to as - Answer: cultural universals. What term do sociologists use to refer to the process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society? - Answer: diffusion The appearance of Starbucks coffeehouses in China is a sign of what aspect of culture? - Answer: globalization Which statement about language is correct? - Answer: Language is a major element of culture. A common language facilitates everyday interaction. Thousands of languages are spoken around the world. Which of the following statements about norms is correct? - Answer: People do not follow norms in all situations. In some cases, they evade a norm because they know it is weakly enforced. In some instances, behavior that appears to violate society's norms may actually represent adherence to the norms of a particular group. Norms are violated in some instances because one norm conflicts with another. Which of the following statements about values is correct? - Answer: The values of a culture may change, but most remain relatively stable during any one person's lifetime. Which of the following terms describes the set of cultural beliefs and practices that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests? - Answer: dominant ideology Terrorist groups are examples of - Answer: countercultures. What is the term used when one places a priority on understanding other cultures, rather than dismissing them as "strange" or "exotic"? - Answer: cultural relativism